Intrinsic Motivation

The Theory

Basic SDT research topics

Barberis, N., Costa, S.Castiglione, C. (2023) Xenophobia and Xenophilia, the bright and dark sides of attitude towards foreigners: A Self-Determination Theory approach. Psychological Reports, Advance Online ,1-24

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Reeve, J. (2023) In R. M. Ryan (Ed.), Cognitive evaluation theory: The seedling that keeps self-determination theory growing. , The Oxford handbook of self-determination theory (pp. 33-52) Oxford University Press. doi: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197600047.013.3

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Evans, P., Ryan, R. M. (2022) In G. McPherson, Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations for music performance. , The Oxford Handbook of Music Performance , 1 (pp. 576-603) Oxford University Press. doi: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190056285.013.24

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Bradshaw, E. L.Conigrave, J. H.Steward, B. A.Ferber, K. A. (2022) A meta-analysis of the dark side of the American dream: Evidence for the universal wellness costs of prioritizing extrinsic over intrinsic goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Advance online publication

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Good, V.Hughes, D. E.Kirca, A. H.McGrath, S. (2022) A self‐determination theory‐based meta‐analysis on the differential effects of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation on salesperson performance. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 50 ,586-614

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Pope, P., Pelletier, L. G. (2021) What messages do adults prefer? Understanding adults’ perceptions of intrinsic and extrinsic physical activity messages. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, Advance online publication

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Sansone, C.Tang, Y. (2021) Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and self-determination theory. Motivation Science, 7(2) ,113-114

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Shin, J., Grant, A. M. (2021) When putting work off pays off: The curvilinear relationship between procrastination and creativity. Academy of Management Journal, 64(3)

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Van den Broeck, A., Howard, J. L.Vaerenbergh, Y. V.Leroy, H. (2021) Beyond intrinsic and extrinsic motivation: A meta-analysis on self-determination theory’s multidimensional conceptualization of work motivation. Organizational Psychology Review, 11(3) ,240–273

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Ryan, R. M., Deci, E. L. (2020) Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation from a self-determination theory perspective: Definitions, theory, practices, and future directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 61 ,101860

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Lee, W., Reeve, J. (2020) Remembering pleasure and personal meaning from episodes of intrinsic motivation: an fMRI study. Motivation and Emotion, 44 ,810-818

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Ryan, R. M.Ryan, W. S., Di Domenico, S. I. (2019) In P. J. Corr (Ed.), Effects of rewards on self-determination and intrinsic motivation: Revisiting Deci (1971). (pp. 137-154) London, UK: Sage.

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Shin, J., Grant, A. M. (2019) Bored by interest: Intrinsic motivation in one task can reduce performance in other tasks. Academy of Management Journal, 62 ,1-22

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Nguyen, T.Werner, K.M., Soenens, B. (2019) Embracing me-time: Motivation for solitude during transition to college. Motivation and Emotion, 43 ,571-591

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Fong, C. J., Patall, E. A.Vasquez, A. C.Strautberg, S. (2019) A meta-analysis of negative feedback on intrinsic motivation. Educational Psychology Review, 31(1) ,121-162

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Patall, E. A. (2019) In R. Ryan, The complex role of choice in human motivation and functioning. , Oxford Handbook of Human Motivation (pp. 135-155) New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

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Ryan, R. M., Deci, E. L. (2019) Research on intrinsic and extrinsic motivation is alive, well, and reshaping 21st-century management approaches: Brief reply to Locke and Schattke (2019). Motivation Science, 5(4) ,291-294

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Martela, F., Bradshaw, E. L., Ryan, R. M. (2019) Expanding the map of intrinsic and extrinsic aspirations using network analysis and multidimensional scaling: Examining four new aspirations. Frontiers in Psychology,

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Zhoc, K. C. H.King, R. B., Law, W.McInerney, D. M. (2019) Intrinsic and extrinsic future goals: Their differential effects on students’ self-control and distal learning outcomes. Psychology in the Schools, 56 ,1596–1613

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Ho, V. T.Kong, D. T.Lee, C.-H.Dubreuil, P. (2018) Promoting harmonious passion at work: A three-nation investigation of intrinsic motivation and the compensatory role of cooperative psychological climate. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 106 ,112-125

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Prentice, M., Kasser, T., Sheldon, K. M. (2018) Openness to experience predicts intrinsic value shifts after deliberating one’s own death. Death Studies, 42(4) ,205-215

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Di Domenico, S. I., Ryan, R. M. (2017) The emerging neuroscience of intrinsic motivation: A new frontier in self-determination research. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 11 ,145

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Lee, W., Reeve, J. (2017) Identifying the neural substrates of intrinsic motivation during task performance. Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Neuroscience, 17(5) ,939-953

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Ryan, R. M., Deci, E. L. (2017) Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness. New York: Guilford Publishing

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Legault, L. (2017) The Need for Competence. , Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences New York, NY: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-28099-8_1123-1

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(2017) In V. Zeigler-Hill & T. Shackelford, Self-Determination Theory. , Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences New York, NY: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-28099-8_1162-1

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Legault, L., Weinstein, N.Mitchell, J.Inzlicht, M. (2017) Owning up to negative ingroup traits: How personal autonomy promotes the integration of group identity. Journal of Personality, 5 ,687-701

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Steingut, R., Patall, E. A.Trimble, S. (2017) The effect of rationale on motivation and performance outcomes: A meta-analysis. Motivation Science, 3(1) ,19-50

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Ryan, R. M., Deci, E. L. (2017) Cognitive evaluation theory, part 1: The effects of rewards, feedback, and other external events on intrinsic motivation. , Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness (pp. 123-157) Guilford Press. doi: 10.1521/978.14625/28806

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Teixeira, P. J. (2016) Health behavior change: a field just picking up speed. A comment on Ogden (2016). Health Psychology Review, ,1-5

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Ruffault, A.Bernier, M.Juge, N.Fournier, J. F. (2016) Mindfulness may moderate the relationship between intrinsic motivation and physical activity: A cross-sectional study. Mindfulness, 7(2) ,445-452

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Gravel, E. E., Pelletier, L. G.Reissing, E. D. (2016) “Doing it” for the right reasons: Validation of a measurement of intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and amotivation for sexual relationships. Personality and Individual Differences, 92 ,164-173

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Trenshaw, K. F.Revelo, R. A.Earl, K. A.Herman, G. L. (2016) Using self determination theory principles to promote engineering students’ intrinsic motivation to learn. International Journal of Engineering Education, 32 ,1194-1207

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Izuma, K.Aoki, R.Matsumoto, K. (2016) In S. Kim, J. Reeve, & M. Bong (Eds.), “Your choice” motivates you in the brain: The emergence of autonomy neuroscience. , 19: Recent Developments in Neuroscience Research on Human Motivation (pp. 95-125) Bingley, UK: Emerald Group Publishing Limited. doi: 10.1108/S0749-7423201719

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Legault, L. (2016) In V. Zeigler-Hill & T. Shackelford, Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. , Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-28099-8_1139-1

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(2016) In V. Zeigler-Hill & T. Shackelford, The Need For Autonomy. , Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences New York, NY: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-28099-8_1120-1

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Lekes, N., Houlfort, N., Milyavskaya, M.Hope, N. H. (2016) The role of intrinsic values for self-growth and community contribution at different life stages: Differentially predicting the vitality of university students and teachers over one year. Personality and Individual Differences, 98 ,48-52

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Cerasoli, C. P.Nicklin, J. M.Nassrelgrgawi, A. S. (2016) Performance, incentives, and needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness: A meta-analysis. Motivation and Emotion, 40(6) ,781-813

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Amoura, C.Berjot, S., Gillet, N.Caruana, S. (2015) Effects of autonomy-supportive and controlling styles on situational autonomous motivation: Some unexpected results of the commitment procedure. Psychological Reports, 116 ,1-27

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Haerens, L.Aelterman, N., Vansteenkiste, M.Soenens, B. (2015) Do perceived autonomy-supportive and controlling teaching relate to physical education students’ motivational experience through unique pathways? Distinguishing between the bright and dark side of motivation. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 16 ,26-36

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Monteiro, V.Mata, L.,Peixoto, F. (2015) Intrinsic motivation inventory: Psychometric properties in the context of first language and mathematics learning. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 28(3) ,434-443

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Hagger, M. S.Koch, S., Chatzisarantis, N. L. (2015) The effect of causality orientations and positive competence-enhancing feedback on intrinsic motivation: A test of additive and interactive effects. Personality and Individual Differences, 72 ,107-111

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Kooiman, B. J.Li, W.Wesolek, M.Kim, H. (2015) Validation of the Relatedness Scale of the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Modern Education, 1(2) ,2454 - 6119

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Hagger, M. S.Rentzelas, P., Chatzisarantis, N. L. (2014) Effects of individualist and collectivist group norms and choice on intrinsic motivation. Motivation and Emotion, 38 ,215–223

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Baldassarre, G.Stafford, T.Mirolli, M.Redgrave, P. (2014) Intrinsic motivations and open-ended development in animals, humans, and robots: An overview. Frontiers in psychology, 5 ,985

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Radel. R., Pelletier, L. G.Sarrazin, P.Baxter, D. (2014) The paradoxical effect of controlling context on interest in another activity. Learning and Instruction, 29 ,95-102

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Di Domenico, S. I.Fournier, M. A.Ayaz, H.Ruocco, A. C. (2013) In search of integrative processes: Basic psychological need satisfaction predicts medial prefrontal activation during decisional conflict. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 142(3) ,967-978

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Kusurkar, R. A.Croiset, G.Galindo-Garre, FTen Cate, T.J. (2013) Motivational profiles of medical students: Association with study effort, academic performance and exhaustion. BMC Medical Education, 13 ,87

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Kusurkar, R. A.Croiset, G.Ten Cate, Th. J. (2013) Implications of gender differences in motivation among medical students. Medical Teacher, 35(2) ,173-174

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Kusurkar, R. A.Ten Cate, T.J.Vos, C.M.Westers, P. (2013) How motivation affects academic performance: A structural equation modelling analysis. Advances in Health Sciences Education, 18 ,57-69

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Moller, A. C.Buscemi, JoannaMcFadden, H. GeneHedeker, Donald (2013) Financial motivation undermines potential enjoyment in an intensive diet and activity intervention. , Journal of Behavioral Medicine (pp. 1-9) doi: 10.1007/s10865-013-9542-5

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Lee, W., Reeve, J. (2013) Self-determined, but not non-self-determined, motivation predicts activations in the anterior insular cortex an fMRI study of personal agency. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 8 ,538-545

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Legault, L.Inzlicht, M. (2013) Self-determination, self-regulation and the brain: Autonomy improves performance by enhancing neuroaffective responsiveness to self-regulation failure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 105 ,123-128

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Ryan, R. M., Deci, E. L. (2013) In B. W. Sokol, F. M. E. Grouzet, U. Muller (Eds.), Toward a social psychology of assimilation: Self-determination theory in cognitive development and education. , Self-regulation and autonomy: Social and developmental dimensions of human conduct (pp. 191-207) Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/cbo9781139152198.014

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Austin, S., Guay, F.Senecal, C., Fernet, C. (2013) Longitudinal testing of a dietary self-care motivational model in adolescents with diabetes. Amsterdam: Elsevier Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 75 ,153-159

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Radel, R.Sarrazin, P.Jehu, M., Pelletier, L. G. (2013) Priming motivation through unattended speech. British Journal of Social Psychology, 52(4) ,763-772

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Dysvik, A.Kuvaas, B., Gagné, M. (2013) An investigation of the unique relations between basic psychological needs and intrinsic motivation. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 43 ,1050-1064

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Patall, E. A. (2013) Constructing motivation through choice, interest, and interestingness. Journal of Educational Psychology, 105(2) ,522-534

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Lee, W., Reeve, J.Xue, Y.Xiong, J. (2012) Neural differences between intrinsic reasons for doing versus extrinsic reasons for doing. Neuroscience Research, 73 ,68-72

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Lee, W., Reeve, J.Xue, Y.Xiong, J. (2012) Neural differences between intrinsic reasons for doing versus extrinsic reasons for doing: An fMRI study. Neuroscience Research, 73 ,68-72

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Milyavskaya, M.McClure, M. J.Ma, D., Koestner, R. (2012) Attachment security moderates the effects of autonomy-supportive and controlling interpersonal primes on intrinsic motivation. Canadian Journal of Behaviour Science, 44 ,278-287

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Duriez, B. (2011) The social costs of extrinsic relative to intrinsic goal pursuits revisited: The moderating role of general causality orientation. Personality and Individual Differences, 50 ,684–687

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Hagger, M. S., Chatzisarantis, N. L. (2011) Causality orientations moderate the undermining effect of rewards on intrinsic motivation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 47 ,485-489

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Murayama, K.Kuhbandner, C. (2011) Money enhances memory consolidation – But only for boring material. Cognition, 119 ,120-124

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Lekes, N., Joussemet, M.Koestner, R., Taylor, G. (2011) Transmitting intrinsic values from mothers to adolescents: The moderating role of a supportive family environment. Child Development Research,

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Weinstein, N., Ryan, R. M. (2010) When helping helps: Autonomous motivation for prosocial behavior and its influence on well-being for the helper and recipient. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 98 ,222-244

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DeVoe, S. E.Pfeffer, J. (2010) The stingy hour: How accounting for time affects volunteering. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 36 ,470-483

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Radel, R.Sarrazin, P.Legrain, P., Wild, T. C. (2010) Social contagion of motivation between teacher and student: Analyzing underlying processes. Journal of Educational Psychology, 102 ,577-587

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Murayama, K.Matsumoto, M.Izuma, K.Matsumoto, K. (2010) Neural basis of the undermining effect of monetary reward on intrinsic motivation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 107(49) ,20911-20916

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Haerens, L.Kirk, D.Cardon, G.De Bourdeauhuji, I. (2010) Motivational profiles for secondary school physical education and its relationship to the adoption of a physically active lifestyle among university students. European Physical Education Review, 16 ,117-139

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Gillet, N.Vallerand, R. J.Amoura, S.Baldes, B. (2010) Influence of coaches’ autonomy support on athletes’ motivation and sport performance: A test of the hierarchical model of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 11 ,155-161

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(2010) Intrinsic Motivation Inventory: An adapted measure for schizophrenia research. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 36(5) ,966-976

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Niemiec, C. P., Ryan, R. M., Deci, E. L. (2009) The path taken: Consequences of attaining intrinsic and extrinsic aspirations in post-college life. Journal of Research in Personality, 43 ,291-306

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van Prooijen, J. (2009) Procedural justice as autonomy regulation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96 ,1166-1180

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, Sebire, S., Standage, M., Vansteenkiste, M. (2009) Examining intrinsic versus extrinsic exercise goals: Cognitive, affective, and behavioral outcomes. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 31 ,189-210

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Tremblay, M. A.Blanchard, C. M.Taylor, S., Pelletier, L. G. (2009) Work Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation Scale: Its value for organizational psychology research. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 41(4) ,213-226

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Crow, S. R. (2009) Relationships that foster intrinsic motivation for information seeking. School Libraries Worldwide, 15 ,91-112

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Wiechman, B. M.Gurland, S. T. (2009) What happens during the free-choice period? Evidence of a polarizing effect of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation. Journal of Research in Personality, 43 ,716-719

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Patall, E. A.Cooper, H.Robinson, J. C. (2008) The effects of choice on intrinsic motivation and related outcomes: A meta-analysis of research findings. Psychological Bulletin, 134 ,270-300

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Duriez, B., Vansteenkiste, M., Soenens, B. (2007) The social costs of extrinsic relative to intrinsic goal pursuits: Their relation with social dominance and racial and ethnic prejudice. Journal of Personality, 75 ,757-782

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Rijavec, M.Brdar, I.Miljkovic, D. (2006) Extrinsic vs. intrinsic life goals, psychological needs, and life satisfaction. In A. Delle Fave (Ed.), Dimensions of well-being. Research and intervention. (pp. 91-104 ) Milano: Franco Angeli.

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Moller, A. C., Deci, E. L., Ryan, R. M. (2006) Choice and ego-depletion: The moderating role of autonomy. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32 ,1024-1036

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Ryan, R. M., Rigby, C. S., Przybylski, A. K. (2006) Motivational pull of video games: A self-determination theory approach. Motivation and Emotion, 30 ,347-365

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Sharp, E. C., Pelletier, L. G., Levesque, C. S. (2006) The double-edged sword of rewards for participation in psychology experiments. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 38 ,269-277

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Katz, I., Assor, A., Kanat-Maymon, Y.Bereby-Meyer, Y. (2006) Interest as a motivational resource: Feedback and gender matter, but interest makes the difference. Social Psychology of Education, 9 ,27-42

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Liu, W. C.Wong, A. F. L.Divaharan, S.Peer, J. (2006) Students’ intrinsic motivation in project-based learning using an asynchronous discussion platform. Educational Research Journal, 21(2) ,17-234

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Assor, A., Kaplan, H., Kanat-Maymon, Y., Roth, G. (2005) Directly controlling teachers’ behaviors as predictors of poor motivation and engagement in girls and boys: The role of anger and anxiety. Learning and Instruction, 15 ,397-413

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Isen, A., Reeve, J. (2005) The influence of positive affect on intrinsic and extrinsic motivation: Facilitating enjoyment of play, responsible work behavior, and self-control. Motivation and Emotion, 29 ,297-325

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Standage, M.Duda, J. L.Pensgaard, A. M.  (2005) The effect of competitive outcome and task-involving, ego-involving, and cooperative structures on the psychological well-being of individuals engaged in a co-ordination task: A self-determination approach. Motivation and Emotion, 29 ,41-68

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Frederick, C.Morris, T. (2004) Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in sport and exercise. In T. Morris & J. Summers (Eds.), Sport psychology: Theory, applications and issues, 2nd ed.. (pp. 121-151) Milton, Australia: John Wiley & Sons Australia.

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Vansteenkiste, M.Simons, J.Lens, W., Sheldon, K. M. (2004) Motivating learning, performance, and persistence: The synergistic role of intrinsic goals and autonomy-support. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87 ,246-260

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Joussemet, M., Koestner, R.Lekes, N.Houlfort, N. (2004) Introducing uninteresting tasks to children: A comparison of the effects of rewards and autonomy support. Journal of Personality, 72 ,140-166

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Vansteenkiste, M.Simons, J.Lens, W., Soenens, B. (2004) Die kwaliteit van motivatie telt: over het promoten van intriensieke doelen op een autonomieondersteunede wijze. [The quality of motivation matters: On promoting intrinsic goals in an autonomy-supportive way.]. Nederlands Tijdschrift voor de Psychologie, 59 ,119-131

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Vansteenkiste, M., Deci, E. L. (2003) Competitively contingent rewards and intrinsic motivation: Can losers remain motivated?. Motivation and Emotion, 27 ,273-299

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Levesque, C. S., Pelletier, L. G. (2003) On the investigation of primed and chronic autonomous and heteronomous motivational orientations. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29 ,1570-1584

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Koestner, R., Losier, G. F. (2002) In E. L. Deci & R. M. Ryan (Eds.), Distinguishing three ways of being highly motivated: A closer look at introjection, identification, and intrinsic motivation. (pp. 101-121) Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press.

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Vallerand, R. J., Ratelle, C. F. (2002) In E. L. Deci & R. M. Ryan (Eds.), Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation: A hierarchical model. (pp. 37-63) Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press.

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Grolnick, W. S.Gurland, S. T.DeCourcey, W.Jacob, K. (2002) Antecedents and consequences of mothers’ autonomy support: An experimental investigation. Developmental Psychology, 38 ,143-155

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Reeve, J., Jang, H.Harde, P.Omura, M. (2002) Providing a rationale in an autonomy-supportive way as a strategy to motivate others during an uninteresting activity. Motivation and Emotion, 26 ,183-207

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Houlfort, N., Koestner, R., Joussemet, M. (2002) The impact of performance-contingent rewards on perceived autonomy and competence. Motivation and Emotion, 26 ,279-295

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Deci, E. L., Koestner, R., Ryan, R. M. (2001) Extrinsic rewards and intrinsic motivation in education: Reconsidered once again. Review of Educational Research., 71(1) ,1-27

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Sheldon, K. M., Kasser, T. (2001) Getting older, Getting better? Personal strivings and psychological maturity across the life span. Developmental Psychology, 37(4) ,491-501

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Kasser, T., Ryan, R. M. (2001) In Peter Schmuck & Kennon M. Sheldon, Be careful what you wish for: Optimal functioning and the relative attainment of intrinsic and extrinsic goals. , Life Goals and Well-Being: Towards a Positive Psychology of Human Striving (pp. 116-131) Gottingen: Hogrefe & Huber Publishers.

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Ryan, R. M., Deci, E. L. (2000) La teoría de la autodeterminación y la facilitación de la motivación intrínseca, el desarrollo social, y el bienestar. Spanish translation of article appearing in American Psychologist, 55 ,68-78

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Ryan, R. M., La Guardia, J. G. (1999) Achievement motivation within a pressured society: Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations to learn and the politics of school reform. In T. Urdan (Ed.), Advances in motivation and achievement. , 11 (pp. 45-85) Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.

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Deci, E. L., Koestner, R., Ryan, R. M. (1999) A meta-analytic review of experiments examining the effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 125 ,627-668

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Deci, E. L., Koestner, R., Ryan, R. M. (1999) The undermining effect is a reality after all: Extrinsic rewards, task interest, and self-determination. Psychological Bulletin, 125(6) ,692-700

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Nix, G. A., Ryan, R. M.Manly, J. B., Deci, E. L. (1999) Revitalization through self-regulation: The effects of autonomous and controlled motivation on happiness and vitality. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 35(3) ,266-284

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Joussemet, M., Koestner, R. (1999) Effect of expected rewards on children’s creativity. Creativity Research Journal, 12 ,231-239

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Rawsthorne, L  J.Elliot, A. J. (1999) Achievement goals and intrinsic motivation: A meta-analytic review. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 3 ,326-344

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Vallerand, R. J. (1997) In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Toward a hierarchical model of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. , Vol. 29 (pp. 271-360) San Diego: Academic Press.

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Wild, T. C.Enzle, M. E.Nix, G., Deci, E. L. (1997) Perceiving others as intrinsically or extrinsically motivated: Effects on expectancy formation and task engagement. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23 ,837-848

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Reeve, J.Nix, G. (1997) Expressing intrinsic motivation through acts of exploration and facial displays of interest. Motivation and Emotion, 21 ,237-250

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Chirkov, V. I. (1997) Mezhlichnostnye otnosheniya, vnutrennya motivaciya i samoregulaciya [Interpersonal relations, intrinsic motivation and self-regulation]. Voprosy Psihologii, 3 ,102-111

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Pelletier, L. G.Tuson, K. M.Haddad, N. K. (1997) Client Motivation for Therapy Scale: A measure of intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and amotivation for therapy. Journal of Personality Assessment, 68:2 ,414-435

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Kasser, T., Ryan, R. M. (1996) Further examining the American dream: Differential correlates of intrinsic and extrinsic goals. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22(3) ,280-287

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Pelletier, L. G., Vallerand, R. J. (1996) Supervisors’ beliefs and subordinates’ intrinsic motivation: A behavioral confirmation analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71 ,331-340

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Enzle, M. E.Wright, E. F.Redondo, I. M. (1996) Cross-task generalization of intrinsic motivation effect. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 28 ,19-26

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Reeve, J., Deci, E. L. (1996) Elements within the competitive situation that affect intrinsic motivation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22 ,24-33

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Chirkov, V. I. (1996) Samodeterminaciya i vnutrennya motivaciya povedeniya cheloveka [Self-determination and intrinsic motivation of human behavior]. Voprosy Psihologii, 3 ,116-132

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Deci, E. L.Eghrari, H.Patrick, B. C.Leone, D. (1994) Facilitating internalization: The self-determination theory perspective. Journal of Personality, 62 ,119-142

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Deci, E. L.Driver, R. E.Hotchkiss, L.Robbins, R. J. (1993) The relation of mothers’ controlling vocalizations to children’s intrinsic motivation. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 155 ,151-162

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Enzle, M. E.Anderson, S. C. (1993) Surveillant intentions and intrinsic motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64 ,257-266

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Wild, T. C.Enzle, M. E.Hawkins, W. L. (1992) Effects of perceived extrinsic versus intrinsic teacher motivation on student reactions to skill acquisition. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 18 ,245-251

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Ryan, R. M., Koestner, R., Deci, E. L. (1991) Ego-involved persistence: When free-choice behavior is not intrinsically motivated. Motivation and Emotion, 15 ,185-205

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Ryan, R. M., Deci, E. L. (1989) Bridging the research traditions of task/ego involvement and intrinsic/extrinsic motivation: A commentary on Butler (1987). Journal of Educational Psychology, 81 ,265-268

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Vallerand, R. J., Deci, E. L., Ryan, R. M. (1987) Intrinsic motivation in sport. In K. Pandolf (Ed,), Exercise and sport science reviews, Vol. 15. (pp. 389-425) New York: Macmillan.

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Deci, E. L., Ryan, R. M. (1985) Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York: Plenum Publishing Co

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Plant, R. W., Ryan, R. M. (1985) Intrinsic motivation and the effects of self-consciousness, self-awareness, and ego-involvement: An investigation of internally-controlling styles. Journal of Personality, 53(3) ,435-449

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Koestner, R., Ryan, R. M.Bernieri, F.Holt, K (1984) Setting limits on children’s behavior: The differential effects of controlling versus informational styles on children’s intrinsic motivation and creativity. , Journal of Personality , 54 (pp. 233-248)

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Vallerand, R. J.Reid, G. (1984) On the causal effects of perceived competence on intrinsic motivation: A test of cognitive evaluation theory. Journal of Sport Psychology, 6 ,94-102

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Ryan, R. M.Mims, V., Koestner, R. (1983) Relation of reward contingency and interpersonal context to intrinsic motivation: A review and test using Cognitive Evaluation Theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45(4) ,736-750

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Ryan, R. M. (1982) Control and information in the intrapersonal sphere: An extension of Cognitive Evaluation Theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43(3) ,450-461

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Deci, E. L.Betley, G.Kahle, J.Abrams, L. (1981) When trying to win: Competition and intrinsic motivation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 7 ,79-83

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Deci, E. L., Ryan, R. M. (1980) The empirical exploration of intrinsic motivational processes. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology. , 13 (pp. 39-80) New York: Academic Press. doi: 10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60130-6

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Zuckerman, M.Porac, J. F.Lathin, D.Smith, R. (1978) On the importance of self-determination for intrinsically motivated behavior. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 4 ,443-446

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Deci, E. L. (1975) Intrinsic motivation. New York: Plenum Publishing Co.

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Deci, E. L.Cascio, W. F.Krusell, J. (1975) Cognitive evaluation theory and some comments on the Calder and Staw critique. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 31 ,81-85

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Deci, E. L. (1972) Intrinsic motivation, extrinsic reinforcement, and inequity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 22 ,113-120

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Deci, E. L. (1972) The effects of contingent and non-contingent rewards and controls on intrinsic motivation. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 8 ,217-229

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Deci, E. L. (1971) Effects of externally mediated rewards on intrinsic motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 18(1) ,105-115

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