Health Care

The Theory

Basic SDT research topics

Gillison, F.Rouse, P.Standage, M.Sebire, S. (2019) A meta-analysis of techniques to promote motivation for health behaviour change from a self-determination theory perspective. Health Psychology Review, 13(1) ,110-130

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Halvari, A.Halvari, H.Williams, G. C.Deci, E. L. (2017) Predicting dental attendance from dental hygienists’ autonomy support and patients’ autonomous motivation: A randomized clinical trial. Psychology & Health, 32(2) ,127-144

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Gorin, A. A.Powers, T. A.Koestner, R.Wing, R. R. (2014) Autonomy support, self-regulation, and weight loss. Health Psychology, 33(4) ,332-339

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Williams, G. C.McGregor, H. A.Sharp, D.Levesque, C. S. (2006) Testing a self-determination theory intervention for motivating tobacco cessation: Supporting autonomy and competence in a clinical trial. Health Psychology, 25 ,91-101

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Ryan, R. M.Patrick, H.Deci, E. L.Williams, G. C. (2008) Facilitating health behaviour change and its maintenance: Interventions based on self-determination theory. The European Health Psychologist, 10 ,2-5

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Ng, J. Y. Y.Ntoumanis, N.Thogersen-Ntoumani, C.Deci, E. L. (2012) Self-determination theory applied to health contexts: A meta-analysis. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 7 ,325-340

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Halvari, H.Healey, J., Olafsen, A. H.Byrkjeland, R. (2016) Physical activity and motivational predictors of changes in health behavior and health among DM2 and CAD patients. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science In Sports, 27(11) ,1454–1469

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Gillison, F.Rouse, P., Standage, M., Sebire, S. (2019) A meta-analysis of techniques to promote motivation for health behaviour change from a self-determination theory perspective. Health Psychology Review, 13(1) ,110-130

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Halvari, A., Halvari, H., Williams, G. C., Deci, E. L. (2017) Predicting dental attendance from dental hygienists’ autonomy support and patients’ autonomous motivation: A randomized clinical trial. Psychology & Health, 32(2) ,127-144

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Williams, G. C., McGregor, H. A.Sharp, D., Levesque, C. S. (2006) Testing a self-determination theory intervention for motivating tobacco cessation: Supporting autonomy and competence in a clinical trial. Health Psychology, 25 ,91-101

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Russell, K. L.Bray, S. R. (2010) Promoting self-determined motivation for exercise in cardiac rehabilitation: The role of autonomy support. Rehabilitation Psychology, 55 ,74–80

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Gillison, F.Rouse, P., Standage, M., Sebire, S. (2019) A meta-analysis of techniques to promote motivation for health behaviour change from a self-determination theory perspective. Health Psychology Review, 13(1) ,110-130

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Murray, A.Hall, A., Williams, G. C.McDonough, S. M. (2019) Assessing physiotherapists’ communication skills for promoting patient autonomy for self-management: reliability and validity of the communication evaluation in rehabilitation tool. Disability and Rehabilitation, 41(14) ,1699-1705

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Orsini, C.Binnie, V.Jerez, O. (2019) Motivation as a Predictor of Dental Students’ Behavioral and Affective Outcomes: Does the Quality of Motivation Matter?. Journal of Dental Education, 83(5) ,521-529

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Moller, A. C.Jager, A.J., Williams, G. C.Kao, A.C. (2019) U.S. physicians’ work motivation and their occupational health: A national survey of practicing physicians. Medical Care, 57 ,334-340

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Orsini, C.Binnie V. I.Tricio, J. A. (2018) Motivational profiles and their relationships with basic psychological needs, academic performance, study strategies, self-esteem, and vitality in dental students in Chile. Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions, 15(11)

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Quested, E.Kwasnicka, D., Thogersen-Ntoumani, C.Gucciardi, D. F. (2018) Protocol for a gender-sensitised weight loss and healthy living programme for overweight and obese men delivered in Australian football league settings (Aussie-FIT): A feasibility and pilot randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open, 8(10)

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Sebire, S.Toumpakari, Z.Turner, K. M.Cooper, A. R. (2018) “I’ve made this my lifestyle now”: a prospective qualitative study of motivation for lifestyle change among people with newly diagnosed type two diabetes mellitus. BMC Public Health, 18(204) ,1-10

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Bradshaw, E. L.Sahdra, B.K.Calvo, R.A.Mrvaljevich, A. (2018) Users’ intrinsic goals linked to alcohol dependence risk level and engagement with the health promotion website, Hello Sunday Morning: Observational study. Journal of Medical Internet Research: Mental Health, 5(4) ,1-8

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Lohmann, J.Muula, A. S., Houlfort, N.De Allegri, M. (2018) How does performance-based financing affect health workers’ intrinsic motivation? A Self-Determination Theory-based mixed-methods study in Malawi. Social Science & Medicine, 208 ,1-8

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Deck, S., Wilson, P. M.Mack, D.E. (2018) Rehabilitation Following a Sports Injury: Do the Motives of Athlete and Athletic Therapist Matter?. Archives of Physical Health and Sports Medicine, 1(2) ,1-7

Lewis, V.Martina, C. A.McDermott, M. P.Chaudron, L. (2017) Mentoring interventions for underrepresented scholars in biomedical and behavioral sciences: Effects on quality of mentoring interactions and discussions. CBE-Life Sciences Education, 16(3) ,ar44

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Thogersen-Ntoumani, C.Wright, A.Quested, E.Burton, E. (2017) Protocol for the residents in action pilot cluster randomised controlled trial (RiAT): evaluating a behaviour change intervention to promote walking, reduce sitting and improve mental health in physically inactive older adults in retirement villages. BMJ Open Access, 7 ,1-11

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Halvari, A., Halvari, H., Williams, G. C., Deci, E. L. (2017) Predicting dental attendance from dental hygienists’ autonomy support and patients’ autonomous motivation: A randomized clinical trial. Psychology & Health, 32(2) ,127-144

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Wouters, A.Isik, U.Croiset, G., Kusurkar, R. A. (2017) Understanding the motivation for applying for medical school selection – a qualitative study on high school students’ study choice process. BMJ Open, 7 (5)

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Schutte, T.Tichelaar, J.Dekker, R. S.Thijs, A. (2017) Motivation and competence of participants in a learner-centered student-run clinic: An exploratory pilot study. BMC Medical Education, 17 (23)

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Lonsdale, C.Hall, A. M.Murray, A., Williams, G. C. (2017) Communication skills training for practitioners to increase patient adherence to home-based rehabilitation for chronic low back pain: Results of a cluster randomized controlled trial. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 98 ,1732-1743

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Wouters, A.Croiset, G.Schripsema, N. R.Cohen-Schotanus, J. (2017) A multicenter study on medical school selection, motivation, engagement and academic performance. Advances in Health Sciences Education, 2(22) ,447–462

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Wouters, A.Croiset, G.Schripsema, N. R.Cohen-Schotanus, J. (2017) Students’ approaches to medical school choice: relationship with students’ characteristics and motivation. International Journal of Medical Education, 8 ,217-226

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Guertin, C.Barbeau, K., Pelletier, L. G.Martinelli, G. (2017) Why do women engage in fat talk? Examining fat talk using Self-Determination Theory as an explanatory framework. Body Image, 20 ,7-15

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Lohmann, J.Souares, A.Tiendrebéogo, J., Houlfort, N. (2017) Measuring health workers’ motivation composition: validation of a scale based on Self-Determination Theory in Burkina Faso. Human Resources for Health, 15(33)

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Smit, E.S.Dima, A.L.Immerzeel, S.A.M.van den Putte, B. (2017) The Virtual Care Climate Questionnaire: Development and validation of a questionnaire measuring perceived support for autonomy in a virtual care setting. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 19(5) ,e155

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Shah, K. N.Majeed, Z.Yoruk, Y. B.Yang, H. (2016) Enhancing physical function in HIV-infected older adults: A randomized controlled clinical trial.. Health Psychology, 35(6) ,563-573

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Williams, G. C., Niemiec, C. P., Patrick, H., Ryan, R. M. (2016) Outcomes of the Smoker’s Health Project: A pragmatic comparative effectiveness trial of tobacco-dependence interventions based on self-determination theory. Health Education Research, 31(6) ,749-759

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Weinstein, N., Legate, N.Kumashiro, M., Ryan, R. M. (2016) Autonomy support and diastolic blood pressure: Long term effects and conflict navigation in romantic relationships. Motivation and Emotion, 40(2) ,212-225

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Verstuyf, J., Vansteenkiste, M.Soetens, B., Soenens, B. (2016) Motivational dynamics underlying eating regulation in young and adult female dieters: relationships with healthy eating behaviours and disordered eating symptoms. Psychology & Health, 31(6) ,711-729

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Martinez, K. A.Resnicow, K., Williams, G. C., Silva, M. N. (2016) Does physician communication style impact patient report of decision quality for breast cancer treatment?. Patient Education and Counseling, 99(12) ,1947-1954

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Block, R., Niemiec, C. P., Rigby, C. S., Williams, G. C. (2016) Virtual clinician need support, health-behavior change, and its maintenance. Journal of Clinical Lipidology, 10(3) ,667

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Kullgren, J. T., Williams, G. C.Resnicow, K.An, L. C. (2016) The promise of tailoring incentives for healthy behaviors. International Journal of Workplace Health Management, 9(1) ,2-16

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Lopez, R. B., Milyavskaya, M.Hofmann, W.Heatherton, T. F. (2016) Motivational and neural correlates of self-control of eating: A combined neuroimaging and experience sampling study in dieting female college students. Appetite, ,192-199

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Campbell, R., Vansteenkiste, M.Delesie, L., Soenens, B. (2016) The role of basic psychological need satisfaction, sleep, and mindfulness in the health-related quality of life of people living with HIV. Journal of Health Psychology, 24(4) ,535-545

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Stamp, K. D.Dunbar, S. B.Clark, P. C.Reilly, C. M. (2016) Family partner intervention influences self-care confidence and treatment self- regulation in patients with heart failure. European Journal of Cardiac Nursing, 15(5) ,317-327

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Teixeira, P. J. (2016) Health behavior change: a field just picking up speed. A comment on Ogden (2016). Health Psychology Review, ,1-5

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Mcspadden, K. E., Patrick, H.Oh, A. Y.Yaroch, L. A. (2016) The association between motivation and fruit and vegetable intake: The moderating role of social support. Amsterdam: Elsevier Appetite, 96 ,87-94

Nilsen, E. R., Olafsen, A. H.Steinsvag, A. G., Halvari, H. (2016) Stuck between a rock and a hard place: The work situation for nurses as leaders in municipal health care. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, 9 ,153—161

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Caudwell, K. M.Mullan, B. A., Hagger, M. S. (2016) Combining motivational and volitional approaches to reducing excessive alcohol consumption in pre-drinkers: A theory-based intervention protocol. BMC Public Health, 16 ,45

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Orsini, C.Binnie, V.Fuentes, F.Ledezma, P. (2016) Implications of motivation differences in dental students’ preclinical-clinical transition: A one-year follow-up study. Educacion Medica, 17(4) ,193-196

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Orsini, C.Binnie, V. I.Wilson, S. L. (2016) Determinants and outcomes of motivation in health professions education: A systematic review based on self-determination theory. Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions, 13 ,19

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Fenner, A. A.Howie, E. K.Straker, L. M., Hagger, M. S. (2016) Exploration of the mechanisms of change in constructs from self-determination theory and quality of life during a multi-disciplinary family-based intervention for overweight adolescents. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 38 ,59-68

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Girelli, L., Hagger, M. S.Mallia, L.Lucidi, F. (2016) From perceived autonomy support to intentional behaviour: Testing an integrated model in three healthy-eating behaviours. Appetite, 96 ,280-292

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Pelletier, L. G.Guertin, C.Pope, J. P.Rocchi, M. (2016) Homeostasis balance, homeostasis imbalance or distinct motivational processes? Comments on Marks (2015) ‘Homeostatic Theory of Obesity’. Health Psychology Open, 3(1) ,1-4

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Santos, I.Ball, K.Crawford, D., Teixeira, P. J. (2016) Motivation and Barriers for Leisure-Time Physical Activity in Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Women. PLOS ONE,

Lohmann, J., Houlfort, N.De Allegri, M. (2016) Crowding out or no crowding out? A Self-Determination Theory approach to health worker motivation in performance-based financing. Social Science & Medicine, 169 ,1-8

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Halvari, H.Healey, J., Olafsen, A. H.Byrkjeland, R. (2016) Physical activity and motivational predictors of changes in health behavior and health among DM2 and CAD patients. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science In Sports, 27(11) ,1454–1469

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Blais, L.T.Mack, D.E., Wilson, P. M.Blanchard, C.M. (2016) Challenging body weight: evidence from a community-based intervention on weight, behaviour and motivation. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 22(7) ,872-878

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Tjin A Tsoi, S.L.N.De Boer, A.Croiset, G.Koster, A. S. (2016) Unraveling motivational profiles of health care professionals for Continuing Education: the example of pharmacists in the Netherlands. The Journal of Continuing Education in Health Professions, 36(1) ,46-54

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Coa, K., Patrick, H. (2016) Baseline motivation type as a predictor of dropout in a healthy eating text messaging program. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth, 4(3) ,e144

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Rahman, R. J.Hudson, J., Thogersen-Ntoumani, C.Doust, J. H. (2015) Motivational processes and well- being in cardiac rehabilitation: a self- determination theory perspective. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 20(5) ,518-529

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Shumway, D.Griffith, K. A.Jagsi, R.Gabram, S. G. (2015) Psychometric properties of a brief measure of autonomy support in breast cancer patients. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 15 ,51

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Segar, M. L. (2015) The right why: The surprising start to cultivating sustainable behavior change. Journal of the American Society on Aging, 39(1) ,15-19

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Campbell, R., Vansteenkiste, M.Delesie, L. M.Mariman, A. N. (2015) Examining the role of psychological need satisfaction in sleep: A Self-Determination Theory perspective. Personality and Individual Differences, ,199–204

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Santos, I.Matta, J., Silva, M. N.Sardinha, L. B. (2015) Predicting Long-Term Weight Loss Maintenance in Previously Overweight Women: A Signal Detection Approach. Obesity Journal, 23 ,957-964

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Caudwell, K. M., Hagger, M. S. (2015) Predicting alcohol pre-drinking in Australian undergraduate students using an integrated theoretical model. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 7 ,188-213

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Orsini, C.Binnie, V.Evans, P.Ledezma, P. (2015) Psychometric validation of the Academic Motivation Scale in a dental student sample. Journal of Dental Education, 79 ,971-981

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Orsini, C. (2015) Self-determined motivation in Dental Education: Are we supporting autonomy or controlling behaviour?. Journal of Oral Research, 4(2) ,86-87

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Orsini, C.Evans, P.Binnie, V.Ledezma, P. (2015) Encouraging intrinsic motivation in the clinical setting: Teachers’ perspectives from the self-determination theory. European Journal of Dental Education, 20 ,102-111

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Orsini, C.Evans P.Jerez O. (2015) How to encourage intrinsic motivation in the clinical teaching environment? A systematic review from the self-determination theory. Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions, 12 ,8

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Guertin, C.Rocchi, M., Pelletier, L. G.Émond, C. (2015) The role of motivation and eating regulation on the physical and psychological health of cardiovascular disease patients. Journal of Health Psychology, 20 ,543-555

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Matthews, J.Hall, A. M.Hernon, M.et al. (2015) A brief report on the development of a theoretically-grounded intervention to promote patient autonomy and self-management of physiotherapy patients: Face validity and feasibility of implementation. BMC Health Services Research, 15 ,1-9

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Santos, I.Mata, J., Silva, M. N.Sardinha, L. B. (2015) Predicting Long-Term Weight Loss Maintenance in Previously Overweight Women: A Signal Detection Approach. Obesity, 23 ,957-964

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Teixeira, P. J.Carraça, E. V.Marques, M. M.Rutter, H. (2015) Successful Behavior Change in Obesity Interventions in Adults: A Systematic Review of Self-Regulation Mediators. 13

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Chan, D. K. C.Yang, S. X.Mullan, B.Zhang, X. (2015) Preventing the spread of H1N1 influenza infection during a pandemic: autonomy-supportive advice versus controlling instruction. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 38 ,416-426

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Murray, A.Hall, A. M., Williams, G. C.McDonough, S. M. (2015) Effect of a Self-Determination Theory–Based communication skills training program on physiotherapists’ psychological support for their patients with chronic low back pain: A randomized controlled trial. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 96(5) ,809-816

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Montasem, ABrown, S.Harris, R. (2014) Subjective well-being in dentists: the role of intrinsic aspirations. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 42 ,279-288

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Williams, G. C., Niemiec, C. P.Elliot, A., La Guardia, J. G. (2014) Virtual look AHEAD program: Initial support for a partly virtualized intensive lifestyle intervention in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care, 37 ,169-170

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Williams, G. C., Halvari, H., Niemiec, C. P.Sorebo, O. (2014) Managerial support for basic psychological needs, somatic symptom burden and work-related correlates: A self-determination theory perspective. Work & Stress, 28(4) ,404-419

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Lamberti, J. S.Russ, A.Cerulli, C.Weisman, R. L. (2014) Patient experiences of autonomy and coercion while receiving legal leverage in forensic assertive community treatment. Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 22(4) ,222-230

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Morse, D. S.Cerulli, C.Bedell, P.Wilson, J. (2014) Meeting health and psychological needs of women in drug treatment court. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 46(2) ,150-157

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Verstuyf, J.Van Petegem, S., Vansteenkiste, M., Soenens, B. (2014) The body perfect ideal and eating regulation goals: Investigating the role of adolescents’ identity styles. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 43(2) ,284-297

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Boone, L., Vansteenkiste, M.Soenens, B.Van der Kaap-Deeder, J. (2014) Self-Critical Perfectionism and Binge Eating Symptoms: A Longitudinal Test of the Intervening Role of Psychological Need Frustration. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 61 ,363-373

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Slovinec D’Angelo, M., Pelletier, L. G.Huta, V.Reid, R. D. (2014) The roles of self-efficacy and motivation in the prediction of short- and long-term adherence to exercise among coronary heart disease patients. Health Psychology, 33 ,1344-1353

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Meis, J. J. M.Bosma, C.Spruit, M. A.Franssen, F. M. E. (2014) A qualitative assessment of COPD patients’ experiences of pulmonary rehabilitation and guidance by healthcare professionals. Respiratory Medicine, 108 ,500-510

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Gorin, A. A.Powers, T. A., Koestner, R.Wing, R. R. (2014) Autonomy support, self-regulation, and weight loss. Health Psychology, 33(4) ,332-339

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Gillison, F., Standage, M.Verplanken, B. (2014) A cluster randomised controlled trial of an intervention to promote healthy lifestyle habits to school leavers: study rationale, design, and methods. BMC Public Health, 14(221) ,1-9

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Sweet, S.Fortier, M.Strachan, S.Blanchard, C. (2014) In 1008, Testing a longitudinal integrated self-efficacy and self-determination theory model for physical activity post-cardiac rehabilitation. Health Psychology Research, 2 ,30-37

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Chan, D. K. C.Fung, Y. K.Xing, S., Hagger, M. S. (2014) Myopia prevention, near work, and visual acuity of college students: Integrating the theory of planned behavior and self- determination theory. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 37 ,369–380

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Choi, J.Noh, G.Park, D. (2014) Smoking cessation apps for smartphones: Content analysis with the self-determination theory. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 16

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Hagger, M. S.Hardcastle, S. J.Chater, A.Mallett, C. (2014) Autonomous and controlled motivational regulations for multiple health-related behaviors: between- and within-participants analyses. Health Psychology & Behavioural Medicine, 2 ,565–601

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Montasem, A.Brown, S.Harris, R. (2013) Subjective well-being in dentists: The role of intrinsic aspirations. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 42 ,279-288

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Vansteenkiste, M.Claes, L., Soenens, B.Verstuyf, J. (2013) Motivational Dynamics Among Eating-disordered Patients With and Without Nonsuicidal Self-injury: A Self-Determination Theory Approach. European Eating Disorder Review, 21(3) ,209-214

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Halvari, A., Halvari, H.Bjørnebekk, G., Deci, E. L. (2013) Oral health and dental well-being: Testing a self-determination theory model. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 43 ,275-292

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Ng, J.Y.Y., Ntoumanis, N.Thogersen-Ntoumani, C.Stott, K. (2013) Predicting psychological needs and well-being of individual weight management: The role of important others. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 5 ,291-310

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Moller, A. C.Buscemi, JoannaMcFadden, H. GeneHedeker, Donald (2013) Financial motivation undermines potential enjoyment in an intensive diet and activity intervention. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, ,1-9

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Austin, S., Guay, F.Senecal, C., Fernet, C. (2013) Longitudinal testing of a dietary self-care motivational model in adolescents with diabetes. Amsterdam: Elsevier Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 75 ,153-159

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Rodriguez, Lindsey M., Knee, C. R.Neighbors, Clayton (2013) Relationships can drive some to drink. Relationship-contingent self-esteem and drinking problems. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships,

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Silva, M. N., Teixeira, P. J. (2013) Promotion of and adherence to physical activity. In Mooren, F. C., Skinner, J. S. (Eds), Encyclopedia of Exercise Medicine in Health and Disease. (pp. 727-731) Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

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Carraça E.V., Silva, M. N., Teixeira, P. J. (2013) Body image investment and self-regulation of weight control behaviors. In Sams, L.B., Keels, J.A. (Eds), Handbook on Body Image: Gender Differences, Sociocultural Influences and Health Implications. , Handbook on Body Image: Gender Differences, Sociocultural Influences and Health Implications (pp. 257-276)

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Mack, D.E.Meldrum, L.S., Wilson, P. M.Sabiston, C.M. (2013) Physical Activity and Psychological Health in Breast Cancer Survivors: An Application of Basic Psychological Needs Theory. Applied Psychology: Health And Well-Being, 5(3) ,369-388

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Fenner, A. A.Straker, L. M.Davis, M. C., Hagger, M. S. (2013) Theoretical underpinnings of a need-supportive intervention to address sustained healthy lifestyle changes in overweight and obese adolescents. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 14 ,819-829

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Keatley, D.Clarke, D. D., Hagger, M. S. (2013) The predictive validity of implicit measures of self-determined motivation across health-related behaviours. British Journal of Health Psychology, 18 ,2-17

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Keatley, D.Clarke, D. D., Hagger, M. S. (2012) Investigating the predictive validity of implicit and explicit measures of motivation on condom use, physical activity, and healthy eating. Psychology & Health, 27 ,550-569

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Segar, M. L.Updegraff, J. A.Zikmund-Fisher, B. J.Richardson, C. R. (2012) Physical activity advertisements that feature daily well-being improve autonomy and body image in overweight women but not men. Journal of Obesity, Article ID 354721 ,19 pages

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Williams, G. C., Niemiec, C. P. (2012) Positive affect and self-affirmation are beneficial, but do they facilitate maintenance of health-behavior change? A self-determination theory perspective. Archives of Internal Medicine, 172 ,327-328

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Brown, D. L.Conley, K. M.Resnicow, K.Murphy, J. (2012) Stroke Health and Risk Education (SHARE): Design, methods, and theoretical basis. Contemporary Clinical Trials, 33 ,721-729

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Morse, D. S.Schiff, M.Levit, S.Cohen-Moreno, R. (2012) A pilot training program for a motivational enhancement approach to hepatitis C virus treatment among individuals in Israeli methadone treatment centers. Substance Abuse and Misuse, 47 ,56-66

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Patrick, H., Williams, G. C. (2012) Self-determination theory: Its application to health behavior and complementarity with motivational interviewing. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 9 ,18

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Teixeira, P. J.Carraça, E. V., Markland, D. A., Silva, M. N. (2012) Exercise, physical activity, and self-determination theory: A systematic review [Electronic version]. Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 9 ,78

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Halvari, A., Halvari, H.Bjørnebekk, Deci, E. L. (2012) Self-determined motivational predictors of increases in dental behaviors, decreases in dental plaque, and improvement in oral health: a randomized clinical trial. Health Psychology, 31 ,777-88

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Ng, J. Y. Y., Ntoumanis, N., Thogersen-Ntoumani, C., Deci, E. L. (2012) Self-determination theory applied to health contexts: A meta-analysis. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 7 ,325-340

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Moreau, E., Mageau, G. A. (2012) The importance of perceived autonomy support for the psychological health and work satisfaction of health professionals: Not only supervisors count, colleagues too!. Motivation and Emotion, 36 ,268-286

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Schmidt, K.Gensichen, J.Petersen, J. J.Szecsenyi, J. (2012) Autonomy support in primary care-validation of the German version of the Health Care Climate Questionnaire. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 65 ,206-211

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Teixeira, P. J.Mata, J.Williams, G. C., Gorin, A. A. (2012) Self-Regulation, motivation, and psychosocial factors in weight management. Journal of Obesity, ,1-4

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Deci, E. L., Ryan, R. M. (2012) Self-determination theory in health care and its relations to motivational interviewing: a few comments. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 9 ,1-6

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Halvari, A., Halvari, H.Bjørnebekk, G., Deci, E. L. (2012) Motivation for dental home care: Testing a self-determination theory model. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 42 ,1-39

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Moller, A. C.McFadden, H. G.Hedeker, D.Spring, B. (2012) Financial motivation undermines maintenance in an intensive diet and activity intervention. Journal of Obesity, 2012 ,1-8

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Lonsdale, C.Hall, A., Williams, G. C.McDonough, S. M. (2012) Communication style and exercise compliance in physiotherapy (CONNECT). A cluster randomized controlled trial to test a theory-based intervention to increase chronic low back pain patients’ adherence to physiotherapists’ recommendations: Study rationale, design, and methods. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 13(104) ,1-15

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Teixeira, P. J.Palmeira, A. L., Vansteenkiste, M. (2012) The role of self-determination theory and motivational interviewing in behavioral nutrition, physical activity, and health: An introduction to the IJBNPA special series. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 9 ,1-3

Teixeira, P. J., Silva, M. N.Mata, J.Palmeira, A. L. (2012) Motivation, self-determination, and long-term weight control. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 9 ,1-13

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West, D. S., Gorin, A. A.Subak, L. L.Foster, G. (2011) Novel motivation-focused weight loss maintenance intervention is as effective as a behavioral skills-based approach. International Journal of Obesity, 35 ,259-269

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Chan, D. K. C.Spray, C., Hagger, M. S. (2011) Treatment motivation for rehabilitation after a sport injury: Application of the trans-contextual model. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 12 ,83-92

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Williams, G. C., Patrick, H., Niemiec, C. P., Ryan, R. M. (2011) The smoker’s health project: A self-determination theory intervention to facilitate maintenance of tobacco abstinence. Contemporary Clinical Trials, 32 ,535-543

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Silva, M. N., Markland, D. A.Carraca, E. V.Vieira, P. N. (2011) Exercise autonomous motivation predicts 3-yr weight loss in women. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 43 ,728–737

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Teixeira, P. J., Patrick, H.Mata, J. (2011) Why we eat what we eat: the role of autonomous motivation in eating behaviour regulation. Nutrition Bulletin, 36 ,102–107

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Williams, G. C., Teixeira, P. J.Carraca, E. V.Resnicow, K. (2011) Physical wellness, health care, and personal autonomy. In V. I. Chirkov, et al. (Eds.), Human autonomy in cross-cultural context. , 1 (pp. 133-162) New York, NY: Springer.

Pesis-Katz, I., Williams, G. C., Niemiec, C. P.Fiscella, K. (2011) Cost-effectiveness of intensive tobacco dependence intervention based on self-determination theory. The American Journal of Managed Care, 17 ,e393-e398

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Kusurkar, R. A.Croiset, G.Kruitwagen, C.ten Cate, O. (2011) Validity evidence for the measurement of the strength of motivation for medical school. Advances in Health Science Education, 16 ,183-195

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Kusurkar, R. A.ten Cate, T. J.van Asperen, M.Croiset, G. (2011) Motivation as an independent and a dependent variable in medical education: A review of the literature. Medical Teacher, 33 ,e242–e262

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Golub, N.Geba, D.Mousa, S. A., Williams, G. C. (2011) Greasing the wheels of managing overweight and obesity with omega-3 fatty acids. Medical Hypotheses, 77 ,1114–1120

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Austin, S.Senécal, C., Guay, F.Nouwen, A. (2011) Dietary self-care in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes: Report from the juvenile diabetes and dietary study. Canadian Journal of Diabetes, 35(1) ,39-45

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Su, Y. L., Reeve, J. (2011) A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of intervention programs designed to support autonomy. Educational Psychology Review, 23(1) ,159-188

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Austin, S., Senecal, C., Guay, F.Nouwen, A. (2011) Effects of gender, age, and diabetes duration on dietary self-care in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: A Self-Determination Theory perspective. Journal of Health Psychology, 16 ,917–928

Pollak, K. I.Alexander, S. C.Tulsky, J. A.Lyna, P. (2011) Physician empathy and listening: Associations with patient satisfaction and autonomy. Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine, 24 ,665–672

Shaikh, A. R.Vinokur, A. D.Yaroch, A. L., Williams, G. C. (2011) Direct and mediated effects of two theoretically based interventions to increase consumption of fruits and vegetables in the healthy body healthy spirit trial. Health Education & Behavior, 38 ,492–501

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Uysal, A.Lu, Q. (2011) Is self-concealment associated with acute and chronic pain?. Health Psychology, 30 ,606-614

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Verloigne, M.De Bourdeaudhuij, I.Tanghe, A.D'Hondt, E. (2011) Self-determined motivation towards physical activity in adolescents treated for obesity: An observational study. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 8 ,1-11

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Jacobs, N., Hagger, M. S.Streukens, S.De Bourdeaudhuij, I. (2011) Testing an integrated model of the theory of planned behaviour and self-determination theory for different energy balance-related behaviours and intervention intensities. British Journal of Health Psychology, 16 ,113–134

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Mestre, S.Pais-Ribeiro, J. (2011) Applying self-determination theory to help obese Portuguese individuals. In I. Brdar (Ed.), The human pursuit of well-being: A cultural approach. (pp. 247-255) New York, NY: Springer.

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Rouse, P. C., Ntoumanis, N., Duda, J. L.Jolly, K. (2011) In the beginning: Role of autonomy support on the motivation, mental health and intentions of participants entering an exercise referral scheme. Psychology and Health, 26 ,729–749

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Poulsen, A. A.Desha, L., Ziviani, J.Griffiths, L. (2011) Fundamental movement skills and self-concept of overweight children. International Journal of Pediatric Obesity, 6 ,464-471

Carraca, E. V., Markland, D. A., Silva, M. N.Coutinho, S. R. (2011) Dysfunctional body investment versus body dissatisfaction: Relations with well-being and controlled motivations for obesity treatment. Motivation and Emotion, 35 ,423–434

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Vieira, P. N.Mata, J.Silva, M. N.Coutinho, S. R. (2010) Predictors of psychological well-being during behavioral obesity treatment in women. Journal of Obesity, 2011 ,1-8

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West, D. S.Gorin, A. A.Subak, L. L.Foster, G. (2010) A motivation-focused weight loss maintenance program is an effective alternative to a skill-based approach. International Journal of Obesity, 34 ,1-11

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Patrick, H.Gorin, A. A., Williams, G. C. (2010) Lifestyle change and maintenance in obesity treatment and prevention: A self-determination theory perspective. In L. Dube (Ed.), Obesity prevention: The role of brain and society on individual behavior. (pp. 365-374) London, England: Academic Press.

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Lonsdale, C.Murray, A.Tenant Humphries, M.McDonough, S. (2010) Testing a theory-based intervention designed to increase chronic low back pain patients’ adherence to physiotherapists’ recommendations: A pilot study. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 32 ,S192-193

Seymour, R. B.Hughes, S. L.Ory, M. G.Elliot, D. L. (2010) A lexicon for measuring maintenance of behavior change. American Journal of Health Behavior, 34 ,660-668

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Russell, K. L.Bray, S. R. (2010) Promoting self-determined motivation for exercise in cardiac rehabilitation: The role of autonomy support. Rehabilitation Psychology, 55 ,74–80

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Kosmala-Anderson, J. P.Wallace, L. M.Turner, A. (2010) Confidence matters: A Self-Determination Theory study of factors determining engagement in self-management support practices of UK clinicians. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 15 ,478–491

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Custers, A. FWesterhof, G. J.Kuin, Y.Riksen-Walraven, M. (2010) Need fulfillment in caring relationships: Its relation with well-being of residents in somatic nursing homes. Aging & Mental Health, 14 ,731–739

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Niemiec, C. P., Ryan, R. M., Patrick, H., Deci, E. L. (2010) The energization of health-behavior change: Examining the associations among autonomous self-regulation, subjective vitality, depressive symptoms, and tobacco abstinence. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 5 ,122-138

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Poulsen, A. A., Ziviani, J. (2010) Occupation centred enablement of children’s leisure participation. Occupation Centred Practice with Children: A Practical Guide for Occupational Therapists. , Occupation Centred Practice with Children: A Practical Guide for Occupational Therapists (pp. 248-273) London, UK: Blackwell Publications.

Halvari, A., Halvari, H.Bjørnebekk, G., Deci, E. L. (2010) Motivation and anxiety for dental treatment: Testing a self-determination theory model of oral self-care behaviour and dental clinic attendance. Motivation and Emotion, 34 ,15-33

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Williams, G. C., Niemiec, C. P., Patrick, H., Ryan, R. M. (2009) The importance of supporting autonomy and perceived competence in facilitating long-term tobacco abstinence. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 37 ,315-324

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Williams, G. C., Patrick, H., Niemiec, C. P.Williams, L. K. (2009) Reducing the health risks of diabetes: How self-determination theory may help improve medication adherence and quality of life. The Diabetes Educator, 35 ,484-492

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Pavey, L.Sparks, P. (2009) Reactance, autonomy and paths to persuasion: Examining perceptions of threats to freedom and informational value. Motivation and Emotion, 33 ,277-290

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Fortier, M. S., Williams, G. C.Sweet, S. N., Patrick, H. (2009) Self-determination theory: Process models for health behavior change. In R. J. DiClemente, R. A. Crosby, and M. C. Kegler (Eds.), Emerging theories in health promotion practice and research. (pp. 157-183) San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

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Niemiec, C. P., Ryan, R. M., Deci, E. L., Williams, G. C. (2009) Aspiring to physical health: The role of aspirations for physical health in facilitating long-term tobacco abstinence. Patient Education and Counseling, 74 ,250-257

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Chan, D. K., Lonsdale, C.Ho, P. Y. (2009) Patient motivation and adherence to post-surgery rehabilitation exercise recommendations: The influence of physiotherapists’ autonomy supportive behaviors. Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 90 ,1977-1982

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Mata, J., Silva, M. N.Vieira, Pn. N.Carraca, E. V. (2009) Motivational “spill-over” during weight control: Increased self-determination and exercise intrinsic motivation predict eating self-regulation. Health Psychology, 28 ,709-716

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Koestner, R.Otis, N.Powers, T. A., Pelletier, L. G. (2008) Autonomous motivation, controlled motivation, and goal progress. Journal of Personality, 76 ,1201-1230

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Powers, T. A., Koestner, R., Gorin, A. A. (2008) Autonomy support from family and friends and weight loss in college women. Families, Systems, & Health, 26 ,404-416

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Ryan, R. M., Patrick, H., Deci, E. L., Williams, G. C. (2008) Facilitating health behaviour change and its maintenance: Interventions based on self-determination theory. The European Health Psychologist, 10 ,2-5

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Kim, Y.Carver, C. S., Deci, E. L., Kasser, T. (2008) Adult attachment and psychological well-being in cancer caregivers: The meditational role of spouses’ motives for caregiving. Health Psychology, 27 ,S144-S154

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Ransom, S., Sheldon, K. M.Jacobsen, P. (2008) Actual change and inaccurate recall contribute to posttraumatic growth following radiotherapy. New York: American Psychological Association Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76 ,811-819

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Silva, M. N., Markland, D. A.Minderico, C. S.Vieira, P. N. (2008) A randomized controlled trial to evaluate self-determination theory for exercise adherence and weight control: Rationale and intervention description. BMC Public Health, 8 ,234-247

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Mildestvedt, T.Meland, E.Eide, G. E. (2008) How important are individual counseling, expectancy beliefs and autonomy for the maintenance of exercise after cardiac rehabilitation?. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 36 ,832–840

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Milne, H. M.Wallman, K. E.Gordon, S. (2008) Impact of a combined resistance and aerobic exercise program on motivational variables in breast cancer survivors: A randomized controlled trial. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 36 ,158-166

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McAuliffe-Fogerty, A.Ramsing, R.Hill, E. (2007) Medical specialty programs: Camps for children with diabetes as a model of success. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 16 ,887-908

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Hill, E.Ramsing, R.Hill, L. (2007) Efficacy of diabetes day damp: Lessons for better serving youth. The Virginia Journal, 29 ,16-18

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Ramsing, R.Hill, E. (2007) The role of theory based programming in camp: A three year evaluation of diabetes camps. Camping Magazine, 80

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Hill, E.Ramsing, R.Hill, L. (2007) In 1, Integrating the family into the camp experience: Exploring the impact of residential diabetes family camp. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 78

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D'Angelo, M. S.Reid, R. D., Pelletier, L. G. (2007) A model for exercise behavior change regulation in patients with heart disease. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 29 ,208-224

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Fortier, M. S.Sweet, S. N.O’Sullivan, T. L., Williams, G. C. (2007) A self-determination process model of physical activity adoption in the context of a randomized controlled trial. Psychology of Sport And Exercise, 8 ,741-757

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Williams, G. C., Lynch, M. F.Glasgow, R. E. (2007) Computer-assisted intervention improves patient-centered diabetes care by increasing autonomy support. Health Psychology, 26 ,728-734

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Levesque, C. S., Williams, G. C.Elliot D.Pickering, M. A. (2007) Validating the theoretical structure of the Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire (TSRQ) across three different health behaviors. Health Education Research, 21 ,691-702

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Palmeira, A. L., Teixeira, P. J.Branco, T. L. (2007) Predicting short-term weight loss using four leading health behavior change theories. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 4 ,14

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Mildestvedt, T.Meland, E.Eide, G. E. (2007) No difference in lifestyle changes by adding individual counseling to group-based rehabilitation RCT among coronary heart disease patients. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 35 ,591–598

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Halvari, A., Halvari, H. (2006) Motivational predictors of change in oral health: An experimental test of self-determination theory. Motivation and Emotion, 30 ,295–306

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Vansteenkiste, M., Sheldon, K. M. (2006) There’s nothing more practical than a good theory: Integrating motivational interviewing and self-determination theory. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 45 ,63-82

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Wilson, P. M.Nehl, E.Baker, F. (2006) Predicting physical activity and outcome expectations in cancer survivors: An application of self-determination theory. Psycho-Oncology, 15 ,567-578

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Wild, T. C.Cunningham, J. A., Ryan, R. M. (2006) Social pressure, coercion, and client engagement at treatment entry: A self-determination theory perspective. Addictive Behaviors, 31 ,1858-1872

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Teixeira, P. J.Going, S. B.Houtkooper, L. B.Cussler, E. C. (2006) Exercise motivation, eating, and body image variables as predictors of weight control. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 38 ,179-188

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Hagger, M. S., Chatzisarantis, N. L.Harris, J. (2006) From psychological need satisfaction to intentional behavior: Testing a motivational sequence in two behavioral contexts. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32 ,131-148

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Moller, A. C., Ryan, R. M., Deci, E. L. (2006) Self-determination theory and public policy: Improving the quality of consumer decisions without using coercion. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 25 ,104-116

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Williams, G. C., McGregor, H. A.Sharp, D.Kouides, R. W. (2006) A self-determination multiple risk intervention trial to improve smokers’ health. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 21 ,1288-1294

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Williams, G. C., McGregor, H. A.Sharp, D., Levesque, C. S. (2006) Testing a self-determination theory intervention for motivating tobacco cessation: Supporting autonomy and competence in a clinical trial. Health Psychology, 25 ,91-101

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Georgiadis, M. M., Stavrou, N. A (2006) Motivation for weight-loss diets: A clustering, longitudinal field study using self-esteem and self-determination theory perspectives. Health Education Journal, 65 ,53-72

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Teixeira, P. J.Going, S. B.Sardinha, L. B.Lohman, T. G. (2005) A review of psychosocial pretreatment predictors of weight control. Obesity Reviews, 6 ,43-65

Williams, G. C., McGregor, H. A.King, D.Nelson, C. C. (2005) Variation in perceived competence, glycemic control, and patient satisfaction: Relationship to autonomy support from physicians. Patient Education and Counseling, 57 ,39-45

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Carlson, L. E., Brown, K. W. (2005) Validation of the mindful attention awareness scale in a cancer population. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 58 ,29-33

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Williams, G. C., Gagné, M.Mushlin, A. I., Deci, E. L. (2005) Motivation for behavior change in patients with chest pain. Health Education, 105 ,304-321

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Markland, D., Ryan, R. M.Tobin, V. J.Rollnick, S. (2005) Motivational interviewing and self-determination theory. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 24 ,811-831

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Zeldman, A., Ryan, R. M.Fiscella, K. (2004) Client motivation, autonomy support and entity beliefs: Their role in methadone maintenance treatment. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 23 ,675-696

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Kennedy, S.Goggin, K.Nollen, N. (2004) Adherence to HIV medications: Utility of the theory of self-determination. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 28 ,611-628

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Pelletier, L. G.Dion, S. C.Slovenic-D'Angelo, M.Reid, R. (2004) Why do you regulate what you eat?  Relationship between forms of regulation, eating behaviors, sustained dietary behavior change, and psychological adjustment. Motivation and Emotion, 28 ,245-277

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Williams, G. C., McGregor, H. A.Zeldman, A.Freedman, Z. R. (2004) Testing a self-determination theory process model for promoting glycemic control through diabetes self-management. Health Psychology, 23 ,58-66

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Williams, G. C.Frankel, R. M.,Campbell, T. L.,, Deci, E. L. (2004) In R. M. Frankel, T. E. Quill, & S. H. McDaniel (Eds.), The science of the art of medicine: Research on the biopsychosocial approach to health care. , The biopsychosocial approach: Past, present, future (pp. 109-122) Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press.

Deci, E. L. (2004) Promoting intrinsic motivation and self-determination in people with mental retardation. In H. N. Switzky (Ed.), Personality and motivational systems in mental retardation, Vol. 28. (pp. 1-29) San Diego: Elsevier Academic Press.

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Simoneau, H.Bergeron, J. (2003) Factors affecting motivation during the first six weeks of treatment. Addictive Behaviors, 28 ,1219-1241

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Williams, G. C., Levesque, C. S.Zeldman, A.Wright, S. (2003) Health care practitioners’ motivation for tobacco-dependence counseling. Health Education Research, 18 ,538-553

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Sheldon, K. M., Williams, G. C.Joiner, T. (2003) Self-determination theory in the clinic: Motivating physical and mental health. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press

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Williams, G. C. (2002) Improving patients' health through supporting the autonomy of patients and providers. In E. L. Deci, & R. M. Ryan (Eds)., Handbook of self-determination research. (pp. 233-254) Rochester, NY: University Of Rochester Press.

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Knee, C. R., Neighbors, C. (2002) Self-determination, perception of peer pressure, and drinking among college students. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 32 ,522-543

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Williams, G. C., Gagné, M., Ryan, R. M., Deci, E. L. (2002) Facilitating autonomous motivation for smoking cessation. Health Psychology, 21 ,40-50

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Williams, G. C.Minicucci, D. S.Kouides, R. W., Levesque, C. S. (2002) Self-determination, smoking, diet and health. Health Education Research, 17 ,512-521

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Williams, G. C., Deci, E. L. (2001) Activating patients for smoking cessation through physician autonomy support. Medical Care, 39 ,813-823

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Williams, G. C.Cox, E. M.Hedberg, V.,, Deci, E. L. (2000) Extrinsic life goals and health risk behaviors in adolescents. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 30 ,1756-1771

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Williams, G. C.Frankel, R.Campbell, T. L., Deci, E. L. (2000) Research on relationship-centered care and health-care outcomes from the Rochester biopsychosocial program: A self-determination theory integration. Families, Systems & Health, 18 ,79-90

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Senecal, C.Nouwen, A.White, D. (2000) Motivation and dietary self-care in adults with diabetes: Are self-efficacy and autonomous self-regulation complementary or competing constructs?. Health Psychology, 19 ,452-457

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Williams, G. C.Cox, E. M.Kouides, R., Deci, E. L. (1999) Presenting the facts about smoking to adolescents: The effects of an autonomy supportive style. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 153 ,959-964

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Kasser, V. M., Ryan, R. M. (1999) The relation of psychological needs for autonomy and relatedness to health, vitality, well-being and mortality in a nursing home. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 29 ,935-954

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Foote, J.DeLuca, A.Magura, S.Warner, A. (1999) A group motivational treatment for chemical dependence. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 17 ,181-192

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Williams, G. C., Deci, E. L., Ryan, R. M. (1998) Building health-care partnerships by supporting autonomy: Promoting maintained behavior change and positive health outcomes. In A. L. Suchman, P. Hinton-Walker, & R. Botelho (Eds.), Partnerships in healthcare: Transforming relational process. (pp. 67-87) Rochester, NY: University Of Rochester Press..

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Williams, G. C.Freedman, Z. R., Deci, E. L. (1998) Supporting autonomy to motivate glucose control in patients with diabetes. Diabetes Care, 21 ,1644-1651

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Williams, G. C.Rodin, G. C., Ryan, R. M., Grolnick, W. S. (1998) Autonomous regulation and adherence to long-term medical regimens in adult outpatients. Health Psychology, 17 ,269-276

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Wild, T. C.Cunningham, J.Hobdon, K. (1998) When do people believe that alcohol treatment is effective? The importance of perceived client and therapist motivation. Psychology of Addictive Behaviours, 12 ,93-100

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Williams, G. C., Deci, E. L. (1998) The importance of supporting autonomy in medical education. Annals of Internal Medicine, 129 ,303-308

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Williams, G. C.Saizow, R.Ross, L., Deci, E. L. (1997) Motivation underlying career choice for internal medicine and surgery. Social Science and Medicine, 45 ,1705-1713

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Williams, G. C.Grow, V. M.Freedman, Z. R., Ryan, R. M. (1996) Motivational predictors of weight loss and weight-loss maintenance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70 ,115-126

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Williams, G. C., Deci, E. L. (1996) Internalization of biopsychosocial values by medical students: A test of self-determination theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70 ,767-779

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Ryan, R. M.Plant, R. W.O'Malley, S. (1995) Initial motivations for alcohol treatment: Relations with patient characteristics, treatment involvement and dropout. Addictive Behaviors, 20 ,279-297

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Williams, G. C.Wiener, M. W.Markakis, K. M., Reeve, J. (1994) Medical student motivation for internal medicine. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 9 ,327-333

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Williams, G. C.Quill, T. E., Deci, E. L., Ryan, R. M. (1991) The facts concerning the recent carnival of smoking in Connecticut (and elsewhere). Annals of Internal Medicine, 115 ,59-63

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