Sport Motivation Scale Revised (SMS-II)

The Revised Sport Motivation Scale (SMS-II) is an updated version of the original Sport Motivation Scale (Pelletier et al., 1995), grounded in Self-Determination Theory. Developed to better capture the full spectrum of athlete motivation, the SMS-II reflects the more recent advancements in motivation research, distinguishing between autonomous, controlled, and amotivational forms of motivation. It measures intrinsic motivation, varying forms of extrinsic motivation, and amotivation, providing valuable insights into how these motivational forces influence performance, well-being, and persistence in sports.

The SMS-II was developed by SDT scholars Luc G. Pelletier, Meredith A. Rocchi, Robert J. Vallerand, Edward L. Deci, and Richard M. Ryan (2013) and is widely used in both research and applied settings to explore athletes’ motivational profiles.