Latest News

Upcoming Events

Richard Ryan

Ryan, R. M., Duineveld, J., Di Domenico, S. I., Ryan, W. S., Steward, B. A., & Bradshaw, E. L. (2023). We know this much is (meta-analytically) true: A meta-review of meta-analytic findings evaluating self-determination theory. Psychological Bulletin, Advance online publication doi: 10.17605/OSF.IO/YN6KV

WebsitePDF Full Text

Burnell, R., Peters, D., Ryan, R. M., & Calvo, R. A. (2023). Technology evaluations are associated with psychological need satisfaction across different spheres of experience: an application of the METUX scales. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1092288. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1092288

WebsitePDF Full Text

Ryan, R. M., & DeHaan, C. R. (2023). The social conditions for human flourishing: Economic and political influences on basic psychological needs. In , The Oxford handbook of self-determination theory (pp. 1149-1170). : Oxford University Press. doi: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197600047.013.57

Website

Ryan, R. M. (2023). The Oxford handbook of self-determination theory. : Oxford University Press. doi: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197600047.001.0001

Website

Bradshaw, E. L., DeHaan, C. R., Parker, P. D., Curren, R., Duineveld, J. J., Di Domenico, S. I., & Ryan, R. M. (2023). The perceived conditions for living well: Positive perceptions of primary goods linked with basic psychological needs and wellness. Journal of Positive Psychology, 18(1), 44-60. doi: 10.31234/osf.io/c8sj4

WebsitePDF Full Text

Martela, F., & Ryan, R. M. (2023). Clarifying eudaimonia and psychological functioning to complement evaluative and experiential well-being: Why basic psychological needs should be measured in national accounts of well-being. Perspectives on Psychological Science, Advance Online, 1-15. doi: 10.1177/17456916221141099

WebsitePDF Full Text

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2022). Self-Determination Theory. In In: Maggino, F. (eds), Springer, Cham: . doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-69909-7_2630-2

WebsitePDF Full Text

Ahmadi, A., Noetel, M., Parker, P., Ryan, R. M., Ntoumanis, N., Reeve, J., Beauchamp, M., Dicke, T., Yeung, A., Ahmadi, M., Bartholomew, K., Chiu, T., Curren, R., & Erturan, G., Flunger, B. (2022). A classification system for teachers’ motivational behaviours recommended in Self-Determination Theory interventions. Preprint doi: 10.31234/osf.io/4vrym

WebsitePDF Full Text

Magson, N., Craven, R. G., Ryan, R. M., Dillon, A., Mooney, J., Blacklock, F., Yeung, A. S., Kadir, M. S., & Franklin, A. (2022). A cross-cultural investigation of basic psychological need satisfaction at work in an indigenous and non-indigenous Australian sample across occupation types.. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 53(2), 213-238. doi: 10.1177/00220221211060441

WebsitePDF Full Text

Reeve, J., Ryan, R. M., Cheon, S. H., Matos, L., & Kaplan, H. (2022). Supporting Students' Motivation: Strategies for Success. : . doi: 10.4324/9781003091738

Website

Quirin, M., Kuhl, J., Kerber, A., Küstermann, E., Radtke, E., Kazén, M., Konrad, C., Baumann, N., Ryan, R. M., & Ennis, M. (2022). Not the master of your volitional mind? The roles of the right medial prefrontal cortex and personality traits in unconscious introjections versus self-chosen goals. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 740925. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.740925

WebsitePDF Full Text

Di Domenico, S. I., Fournier, M. A., Rodrigo, A. H., Dong, M., Ayaz, H., Ryan, R. M., & Ruocco, A. (2022). Medial prefrontal activity during self-other judgments is modulated by relationship need fulfillment. Social Neuroscience, 17(3), 236-245. doi: 10.1080/17470919.2022.2074135

WebsitePDF Full Text

Psychological Science Accelerator Self-Determination Theory Collaboration:, Legate, N., Nguyen, T., Weinstein, N., Moller, A. C., Legault, L., ..., & Ryan, R. M. (2022). A global experiment on motivating social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 119(22), e2111091119. doi: 10.31234/osf.io/n3dyf

WebsitePDF Full Text

Curren, R., Barber, Z., & Ryan, R. M. (2022). Moral character education after COVID-19: An interview. Philosophical Inquiry in Education, 29(1)

WebsitePDF Full Text

Evans, P., & Ryan, R. M. (2022). . In G. McPherson, Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations for music performance (Vol 1, pp. 576-603). : Oxford University Press. doi: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190056285.013.24

Website

Bradshaw, E. L., Conigrave, J. H., Steward, B. A., Ferber, K. A., Parker, P. D., & Ryan, R. M. (2022). A meta-analysis of the dark side of the American dream: Evidence for the universal wellness costs of prioritizing extrinsic over intrinsic goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Advance online publication doi: 10.1037/pspp0000431

WebsitePDF Full Text

Martela, F., Lehmus-Sun, A., Parker, P. D., Pessi, A. B., & Ryan, R. M. (2022). Needs and well-being across Europe: Basic Psychological Needs are closely connected With well-being, meaning, and symptoms of Depression in 27 European countries. Social Psychological and Personality Science, Advance Online, 1-4. doi: 10.1177/19485506221113678

WebsitePDF Full Text

Gleeson, J. F. M., Eleftheriadis, D., Santesteban-Echarri, O., Koval, P., Bastian, B., Penn, D. L., Lim, M. H., Ryan, R. M., & Alvarez-Jimenez, M. (2021). Positive and meaningful lives: Systematic review and meta‐analysis of eudaimonic well‐being in first‐episode psychosis. Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 15(5), 1072-1091. doi: doi.org/10.1111/eip.13049

WebsitePDF Full Text

Ryan, R. M., Donald, J. N., & Bradshaw, E. L. (2021). Mindfulness and motivation: A process view using Self-Determination Theory. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 30(4), 300-306. doi: 10.1177/09637214211009511

WebsitePDF Full Text

Bradshaw, E. L., Ryan, R. M., Noetel, M., Saeri, A. K., Slattery, P., Grundy, E., & Calvo, R. A. (2021). Information safety assurances increase intentions to use COVID-19 contact tracing applications, regardless of autonomy-supportive or controlling message framing. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 591638. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.591638

WebsitePDF Full Text

Conigrave, J. H., Bradshaw, E. L., Conigrave, K. M., Ryan, R. M., Wilson, S., Perry, J., Doyle, M .F., & Lee, K. S. K. (2021). Alcohol consumption and dependence is linked to the extent that people experience need satisfaction while drinking alcohol in two Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. Addiction Science & Clinical Practice, 16(23) doi: 10.1186/s13722-021-00231-z

WebsitePDF Full Text

Ryan, R. M. (2021). A question of continuity: A self-determination theory perspective on “third wave” behavioral theories and practices. World Psychiatry, 20(3), 376-377. doi: 10.1002/wps.20885

WebsitePDF Full Text

Howard, J. L., Bureau, J., Guay, F., Chong, J. X. Y., & Ryan, R. M. (2021). Student motivation and associated outcomes: A meta-analysis from self-determination theory. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 16(6), 1300-1323. doi: 10.1177/1745691620966789

WebsitePDF Full Text

Nishimura, T., Bradshaw, E. L., Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2021). Satisfaction of basic psychological needs in an interdependence model of fathers’ own aspirations and those of their adolescent children. Social Development, 30(1), 293-310. doi: 10.1111/sode.12473

WebsitePDF Full Text

Quirin, M., Jais, M., Di Domenico, S. I., Kuhl, J., & Ryan, R. M. (2021). Effortless willpower? The integrative self and self-determined goal pursuit. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 653458. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.653458

WebsitePDF Full Text

Martela, F., & Ryan, R. M. (2021). If giving money to Red Cross increases well-being, does taking money from the Red Cross increase ill-being? – Evidence from three experiments. Journal of Research in Personality, Advance online publication doi: 10.1016/j.jrp.2021.104114

WebsitePDF Full Text

Martela, F., & Ryan, R. M. (2021). In selecting measures for a comprehensive assessment of well-being, it is essential to include indicators of psychological need satisfaction. Preventive Medicine, 23, 101474. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101474

WebsitePDF Full Text

Bradshaw, E. L., Sahdra, B. K., Ciarrochi, J., Parker, P. D., Martos, T., & Ryan, R. M. (2021). A configural approach to aspirations: The social breadth of aspiration profiles predicts well-being over and above the intrinsic and extrinsic aspirations that comprise the profiles. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 120(1), 226-256. doi: 10.1037/pspp0000374

WebsitePDF Full Text

Donald, J. N., Bradshaw, E. L., Conigrave, J. H., Parker, P. D., Byatt, L. L., Noetel, M., & Ryan, R. M. (2021). Paths to the light and dark sides of human nature: A meta-analytic review of the prosocial benefits of autonomy and the antisocial costs of control. Psychological Bulletin, 147(9), 921-946. doi: 10.1037/bul0000338

WebsitePDF Full Text

Legate, N., Weinstein, N., & Ryan, R. M. (2021). Ostracism in real life: Evidence that ostracizing others has costs, even when it feels justified. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 43(4), 226-238. doi: 10.1080/01973533.2021.1927038

WebsitePDF Full Text

Nguyen, T. T., Weinstein, N., & Ryan, R. M. (2021). The possibilities of aloneness and solitude: Developing an understanding framed through the lens of human motivation and needs. In In. R. J. Coplan, J. C. Bowker, & L. Nelson (Eds.), The handbook of solitude: Psychological perspectives on social isolation, social withdrawal, and being alone (pp. 224-239). New York, NY: Wiley-Blackwell Press.

Website

Ryan, R. M., Deci, E. L., Vansteenkiste, M., & Soenens, B. (2021). Building a science of motivated persons: Self-determination theory’s empirical approach to human experience and the regulation of behavior. Motivation Science, 7(2), 97-110. doi: 10.1037/mot0000194

WebsitePDF Full Text

Ryan, R. M., Deci, E. L., Vansteenkiste, M., & Soenens, B. (2021). A legacy unfinished: An appreciative reply to comments on self-determination theory’s frontiers and challenges. Motivation Science, 7(2), 120-121. doi: 10.1037/mot0000237

WebsitePDF Full Text

Morbée, S., Vansteenkiste, M., Vermote, B., Waterschoot, J., Dieleman, L., Soenens, B., Van den Bergh, O., Ryan, R. M., Vanhalst, J., & De Muynck, G. (2021). Adherence to COVID-19 measures: The critical role of autonomous motivation on a short- and long-term basis. Motivation Science, 7(4), 487-496. doi: 10.1037/mot0000250

WebsitePDF Full Text

Martela, F., Hankonen, N., Ryan, R. M., & Vansteenkiste, M. (2021). Motivating voluntary compliance to behavioural restrictions: Self-determination theory-based checklist of principles for COVID-19 and other emergency communications. European Review of Social Psychology, 32(2), 305-347. doi: 10.1080/10463283.2020.1857082

WebsitePDF Full Text

Vermote, B., Waterschoot, J., Morbée, S., Van der Kaap-Deeder, J., Schrooyen, C., Soenens, B., Ryan, R. M., & Vansteenkiste, M. (2021). Do psychological needs play a role in times of uncertainty? Associations with well-being during the COVID-19 crisis. Journal of Happiness Studies, 23, 257-288. doi: 10.1007/s10902-021-00398-x

WebsitePDF Full Text

Ntoumanis, N., Williams, G. C., Ng, J. Y. Y., Prestwich, A., Quested, E., Hancox, J. E., Thogersen-Ntoumani, C., Deci, E. L., Ryan, R. M., & Lonsdale, C. (2021). A meta-analysis of self-determination theory-informed intervention studies in the health domain: Effects on motivation, health behavior, physical, and psychological health. Health Psychology Review, 15(2), 214-244. doi: 10.1080/17437199.2020.1718529

WebsitePDF Full Text

Craven, R., Marsh, H., Ryan, R. M., Dickie, T., Guo, J., Gallagher, P., Van Zanden, B., Kennedy, M., & Birch, P. (2020). A critical social justice issue of our time: Enabling police wellbeing. In In P. Birch, M. Kennedy, & E. Kruger, Australian policing: Critical issues in 21st century police practice (pp. 71-92). London, UK: Routledge.

Website

Bradshaw, E. L., Ryan, R. M., Noetel, M., Saeri, A., Slattery, P., Grundy, E., & Calvo, R. A. (2020). Information safety assurances affect intentions to use COVID-19 contact tracing applications, regardless of autonomy-supportive or controlling message framing. Preprint doi:

WebsitePDF Full Text

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2020). Human autonomy in social psychology: A self-determination theory perspective. In In P. A. M. Van Lange, E. T. Higgins, & A. W. Kruglanski (Eds.), Social psychology: Handbook of basic principles (pp. 106-123). : Guilford.

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2020). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation from a self-determination theory perspective: Definitions, theory, practices, and future directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 61, 101860. doi: 10.1016/j.cedpsych.2020.101860

WebsitePDF Full Text

Kadir, M. S., Yeung, A. S., Ryan, R. M., Forbes, A., & Diallo, T. M. O. (2020). Effects of a dual-approach instruction on students’ science achievement and motivation. Educational Psychology Review, 32(3), 571-602. doi: 10.1007/s10648-018-9449-3

WebsitePDF Full Text

Vasconcellos, D., Lonsdale, C., Parker, P., Hilland, T., Cinelli, R., Owen, K. B., Kapsal, N., ..., Ntoumanis, N., & Ryan, R. M. (2020). Self-determination theory applied to physical education: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Educational Psychology, 112, No. 7, 1444-1469. doi: 10.1037/edu0000420

WebsitePDF Full Text

Ryan, R. M., & Rigby, C. S. (2020). Motivational foundations of game-based learning. In J. L. Plass, R. E. Mayer, & B. D. Homer, (Eds.), Handbook of game-based learning (pp. 153-176). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Website

Hagger, M. S., Hankonen, N., Chatzisarantis, N. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2020). Changing behavior using self-determination theory. In In M. S. Hagger, L. D. Cameron, K. Hamilton, N. Hankonen, &T. Lintunen (Eds), The handbook of behavior change (pp. 104-119). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/9781108677318.008

Website

Calvo, R. A., Deterding, S., & Ryan, R. M. (2020). Health surveillance during covid-19 pandemic: How to safeguard autonomy and why it matters. BMJ, 369, m1373. doi: 10.1136/bmj.m1373

WebsitePDF Full Text

Calvo, R. A., Deterding, S., & Ryan, R. M. (2020). Health surveillance during covid-19 pandemic: How to safeguard autonomy and why it matters. BMJ, 369, m1373. doi: 10.1136/bmj.m1373

WebsitePDF Full Text

Martela, F., & Ryan, R. M. (2020). Distinguishing between basic psychological needs and basic wellness enhancers: the case of beneficence as a candidate psychological need. Motivation and Emotion, 44(1), 116-133. doi: 10.1007/s11031-019-09800-x

WebsitePDF Full Text

Standage, M., & Ryan, R. M. (2020). Self-determination theory in sport and exercise. In In G. Tenenbaum & R. C. Eklund (Eds.), Handbook of sport psychology (Vol Vol. 1, pp. 37-56). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. doi: 10.1002/9781119568124.ch3

Website

Calvo, R. A., Peters, D., Vold, K., & Ryan, R. M. (2020). Supporting human autonomy in AI systems: A framework for ethical enquiry. In C. Burr, & L. Floridi (Eds.), Ethics of Digital Well-Being: A Multidisciplinary Approach (Vol vol 140, pp. 31-54). : Springer, Cham. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-50585-1_2

WebsitePDF Full Text

Donald, J. N., Bradshaw, E. L., Ryan, R. M., Basarkod, G., Ciarrochi, J., Duineveld, J. J., Guo, J., & Sahdra, B. K. (2020). Mindfulness and its association with varied types of motivation: A systematic review and meta-analysis using self-determination theory. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 46(7), 1121-1138. doi: 10.1177/0146167219896136

WebsitePDF Full Text

Vansteenkiste, M., Ryan, R. M., & Soenens, B. (2020). Basic psychological need theory: Advancements, critical themes, and future directions. Motivation and Emotion, 44, 1-31. doi: 10.1007/s11031-019-09818-1

WebsitePDF Full Text

Teixeira, P. J., Marques, M. M., Silva, M. N., Brunet, J., Duda, J. L., Haerens, L., La Guardia, J., Lindwall, M., Lonsdale, C., Standage, M., Vansteenkiste, M., . . . Hagger, M. S., Markland, D. A., Michie, S., Moller, A. C., Ntoumanis, N., Patrick, H., Reeve, J., Ryan, R. M., & Sebire, S. (2020). A classification of motivation and behavior change techniques used in self-determination theory-based interventions in health contexts. Motivation Science, 6(4), 438-455. doi: 10.1037/mot0000172

Website

Martela, F., Hankonen, N., Ryan, R. M., & Vansteenkiste, M. (2020). . In , Motivating voluntary compliance to behavioural restrictions: Self-Determination Theory–based checklist of principles for COVID-19 and other emergency communications (Vol Advanced Online). : . doi: 10.1080/10463283.2020.1857082

WebsitePDF Full Text

Van der Kaap-Deeder, J., Soenens, B., Ryan, R. M., & Vansteenkiste, M. (2020). . In , Manual of the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale (BPNSFS)Belgium: Ghent University.

PDF Full Text

Bhavsar, N., Ntoumanis, N., Quested, E., Gucciardi, D. F., Thogersen-Ntoumani, C., Ryan, R. M., Reeve, J., Sarrazin, P., & Bartholomew, K. J. (2019). Conceptualizing and testing a new tripartite measure of coach interpersonal behaviors. Psychology of Sport & Exercise, 44, 107-120. doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2019.05.006

Website

Parker, P. D., Ryan, R. M., Duineveld, J. J., & Bradshaw, E. L. (2019). Validation of the social identity group need satisfaction and frustration scale. PsychArxiv doi: 10.31234/osf.io/ycbwe

PDF Full Text

Ryan, R. M., & Bradshaw, E. L. (2019). Envisioning progress and perils: Musings on the future of motivation research in a rapidly evolving world. In R. M. Ryan, (pp. 527-532). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Ryan, R. M., Bradshaw, E. L., & Deci, E. L. (2019). A history of human motivation theories in psychology. In R. J. Sternberg & W. E. Pickren, (pp. 391-411). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

PDF Full Text

Ryan, R. M., Bradshaw, E., & Deci, E. L. (2019). Motivation. In R. Sternberg & W. Pickren, The Cambridge handbook of the intellectual history of psychology (pp. 391-411). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/9781108290876.016

Website

Ryan, R. M., Ryan, W. S., Di Domenico, S. I., & Deci, E. L. (2019). The nature and the conditions of human autonomy and flourishing: Self-determination theory and basic psychological needs. In R. M. Ryan (Ed)., The Oxford handbook of human motivation (pp. 89-110). : Oxford University Press..

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2019). Brick by brick: The origins, development, and future of self-determination theory. In A. J. Elliot (Ed.), Advances In motivation science (Vol 6, pp. 111-156). Cambridge, MA.: Elsevier Inc.. doi: 10.1016/bs.adms.2019.01.001

WebsitePDF Full Text

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2019). Research on intrinsic and extrinsic motivation is alive, well, and reshaping 21st-century management approaches: Brief reply to Locke and Schattke (2019). Motivation Science, 5(4), 291-294. doi: 10.1037/mot0000128

WebsitePDF Full Text

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2019). Supporting autonomy, competence, and relatedness: The coaching process from a self-determination theory perspective. In P. Brownell, S. English, & J. Sabatine (Eds.), Professional coaching: Principles and practice (pp. 231-246). New York, NY: Springer.

Website

Ryan, R. M., Ryan, W. S., & Di Domenico, S. I. (2019). Effects of rewards on self-determination and intrinsic motivation: Revisiting Deci (1971). In P. J. Corr (Ed.), Revisiting the classic studies: Personality and individual differences (pp. 137-154). London, UK: Sage. doi:

WebsitePDF Full Text

Di Domenico, S. I., Rodrigo, A. H., Dong, M., Fournier, M. A., Ayaz, H., Ryan, R. M., & Ruocco, A. C. (2019). Functional near-infrared spectroscopy: Proof of concept for its application in social neuroscience. In H. Aya & F. Dehais (Eds.), Neuroergonomics: The brain at work in everyday life (pp. 169-173). London, UK: Academic Press. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-811926-6.00028-2

Website

Martela, F., Bradshaw, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2019). Expanding the map of intrinsic and extrinsic aspirations using network analysis and multidimensional scaling: Examining four new aspirations. Frontiers in Psychology doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02174

WebsitePDF Full Text

Legate, N., Weinstein, N., Ryan, W. S., DeHaan, C. R., & Ryan, R. M. (2019). Parental autonomy support predicts lower internalized homophobia and better psychological health indirectly through lower shame in lesbian, gay and bisexual adults. Stigma and Health, 4(4), 367-76. doi: doi: 10.1037/sah0000150

WebsitePDF Full Text

Ryan, W.S., & Ryan, R. M. (2019). Toward a Social Psychology of Authenticity: Exploring Within-Person Variation in Autonomy, Congruence, and Genuineness Using Self-Determination Theory. SAGE Journals, 23(1), 99-112. doi: 10.1037/gpr0000162

WebsitePDF Full Text

Schultz, P., & Ryan, R. M. (2019). Cognitive and affective benefits of a mindful state in response to and in anticipation of pain. 10, 657–669. doi: 10.1007/s12671-018-1013-1

WebsitePDF Full Text

Gillison, F., Rouse, P., Standage, M., Sebire, S., & Ryan, R. M. (2019). A meta-analysis of techniques to promote motivation for health behaviour change from a self-determination theory perspective. Health Psychology Review, 13(1), 110-130. doi: 10.1080/17437199.2018.1534071

Website

Wray-Lake, L., DeHaan, C. R., Shubert, J., & Ryan, R. M. (2019). Examining links from civic engagement to daily well-being from a self-determination theory perspective. Positive Psychology, 14(2), 166-177. doi: 10.1080/17439760.2017.1388432

Website

Roth, G., Vansteenkiste, M., & Ryan, R. M. (2019). Integrative emotion regulation: Process and development from a self-determination theory perspective. Development and Psychopathology, 31(3), 945-956. doi: 10.1017/S0954579419000403

WebsitePDF Full Text

Ryan, R. M., Soenens, B., & Vansteenkiste, M. (2019). Reflections on self‐determination theory as an organizing framework for personality psychology: Interfaces, integrations, issues, and unfinished business. Journal of Personality, 87(1), 115-145. doi: 10.1111/jopy.12440

Website

Nguyen, T. T., Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2018). Solitude as an approach to affective self-regulation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 44(1), 92-106. doi: 10.1177/0146167217733073

Website

Adachi, P. J. C., Ryan, R. M., Frye, J.,, McClurg, D., & Rigby, C. S. (2018). “I can’t wait for the next episode!” Investigating the motivational pull of television dramas through the lens of self-determination theory. Motivation Science, 4(1), 78-94. doi: 10.1037/mot0000063

Website

Behzadnia, B., & Ryan, R. M. (2018). Eudaimonic and hedonic orientations in physical education and their relations with motivation and wellness. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 49(5), 363-385. doi: 10.7352/IJSP.2018.49.363

WebsitePDF Full Text

Peters, D., Calvo, R. A., & Ryan, R. M. (2018). Designing for motivation, engagement and wellbeing in digital experience. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 797. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00797

Website

Quested, E., Thogersen-Ntoumani, C., Uren, H., Hardcastle, S. J., & Ryan, R. M. (2018). Community Gardening: Basic Psychological Needs as Mechanisms to Enhance Individual and Community Well-Being. Ecopsychology, 10(3) doi: 10.1089/eco.2018.0002

WebsitePDF Full Text

Roth, G., Shahar, B.-H., Zohar-Shefer, Y., Benita, M., Moed, A., Bibi, U., Kanat-Maymon, Y., & Ryan, R. M. (2018). Benefits of emotional integration and costs of emotional distancing. Journal of Personality, 86(6), 919-934. doi: 10.1111/jopy.12366

WebsitePDF Full Text

Bradshaw, E. L., Sahdra, B.K., Calvo, R. A., Mrvaljevich, A., & Ryan, R. M. (2018). Users’ intrinsic goals linked to alcohol dependence risk level and engagement with the health promotion website, Hello Sunday Morning: Observational study. Journal of Medical Internet Research: Mental Health, 5(4), 1-8. doi: 10.2196/10022

WebsitePDF Full Text

Slemp, G.R., Kern, M. L., Patrick, K. J., & Ryan, R. M. (2018). Leader autonomy support in the workplace: A meta-analytic review. Motivation and Emotion, 42, 706-724. doi: 10.1007/s11031-018-9698-y

WebsitePDF Full Text

Rigby, C. S., & Ryan, R. M. (2018). Self-determination theory in human resource development: New directions and practical considerations. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 20(2), 133-147. doi: 10.1177/1523422318756954

WebsitePDF Full Text

Martela, F., Ryan, R. M., & Steger, M. F. (2018). Meaningfulness as satisfaction of autonomy, competence, relatedness, and beneficence: Comparing the four satisfactions and positive affect as predictors of meaning in life. Journal of Happiness Studies, 19(5), 1261-1282. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-017-9869-7

WebsitePDF Full Text

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2017). Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness. New York: Guilford Publishing.

Website

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2017). . In , Parenting, autonomy, and well-being: Speaking plainly about parenting (pp. 348-350). New York, NY: Guilford.

WebsitePDF Full Text

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2017). Sport, physical activity, and physical education. In R. M. Ryan, & E. L. Deci., Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness (pp. 481-507). New York, NY: Guilford.

Website

Ryan, R. M., Di Domenico, S. I., Ryan, W. S., & Deci, E. L. (2017). Pervasive influences on wellness and thriving: Cultural, political, and economic contexts and the support of basic psychological needs. In F. Guay, H. W. Marsh, D. McInerney, & R. Craven (Eds.), Self: Driving positive psychology and well-being (Vol 6, pp. 199-232). : Information Age Press.

Chan, D., Webb, D., Ryan, R. M., Tang, T. C. W., Yang, S. X., Ntoumanis, N., & Hagger, M. S. (2017). Preventing occupational injury among police officers: Does motivation matter?. Occupational Medicine, 67(6), 435-441. doi: 10.1093/occmed/kqx076

WebsitePDF Full Text

Legate, N., Ryan, R. M., & Rogge, R. D. (2017). Daily autonomy support and sexual identity disclosure predicts daily mental and physical health outcomes. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 43(6), 860-873. doi: 10.1177/0146167217700399

WebsitePDF Full Text

Di Domenico, S. I., & Ryan, R. M. (2017). The emerging neuroscience of intrinsic motivation: A new frontier in self-determination research. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 11, 145. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2017.00145

WebsitePDF Full Text

Di Domenico, S. I., & Ryan, R. M. (2017). Commentary: Primary emotional systems and personality: An evolutionary perspective. Frontiers in Psychology, 8:1414 doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01414

WebsitePDF Full Text

Litalien, David, Morin, A. J. S., Gagné, M., Vallerand, R. J., Losier, G. F., & Ryan, R. M. (2017). Evidence of a continuum structure of academic self-determination: a two-study test using a bifactor-ESEM representation of academic motivation. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 51, 67-82. doi: 10.1016/j.cedpsych.2017.06.010

WebsitePDF Full Text

Lewis, V., Ryan, R. M., Martina, C. A., McDermott, M. P., Chaudron, L., Trief, P. M., La Guardia, J. G., Sharp, D., Goodman, S. R., & Morse, G. D. (2017). Mentoring interventions for underrepresented scholars in biomedical and behavioral sciences: Effects on quality of mentoring interactions and discussions. CBE-Life Sciences Education, 16(3), ar44. doi: 10.1187/cbe.16-07-0215

WebsitePDF Full Text

Deci, E. L., Olafsen, A. H., & Ryan, R. M. (2017). Self-determination theory in work organizations: The state of a science. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 4, 19-43. doi: 10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032516-113108

WebsitePDF Full Text

Rigby, C. S., & Ryan, R. M. (2017). Time wellspent? Motivation for entertainment media and its eudaimonic aspects through the lens of Self-Determination Theory. In L. Reinecke & M. B. Oliver (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of media use and well-being: International perspectives on theory and research on positive media effects (pp. 34–48). New York, NY: Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group. doi: 10.4324/9781315714752.ch3

WebsitePDF Full Text

Oga-Baldwin, W. L. Q., Nakata, & Ryan, R. M. (2017). Motivating young learners: A longitudinal model of self-determined motivation in elementary school foreign language classes. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 49, 140-150. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2017.01.010

WebsitePDF Full Text

Duineveld, J. J., Parker, P.D., Ryan, R. M., Ciarrochi, J., & Salmela-Aro, K. (2017). The link between perceived maternal and paternal autonomy support and adolescent well-being across three major educational transitions. Developmental Psychology, 53(10), 1978-1994. doi: 10.1037/dev0000364

WebsitePDF Full Text

Brown, K. W., Goodman, R. J., Ryan, R. M., & Anālayo, B. (2016). Mindfulness enhances episodic memory performance: Evidence from a multimethod investigation. PLoS ONE, 11(4), e0153309. doi: 10.1371

WebsitePDF Full Text

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2016). Facilitating and hindering motivation, learning, and well-being in schools: Research and observations from self-determination theory. In K. R. Wentzel & D. B. Miele (Eds.), Handbook on motivation at schools (pp. 96-119). New York, NY: Routledge.

Early, D. M., Berg, J. K., Alicea, S., Si, Y., Aber, J. L., Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2016). The impact of every classroom, every day on high school student achievement: Results from a school-randomized trial. Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness, 9(1), 3-29. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19345747.2015.1055638

WebsitePDF Full Text

Williams, G. C., Niemiec, C. P., Patrick, H., Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2016). Outcomes of the Smoker’s Health Project: A pragmatic comparative effectiveness trial of tobacco-dependence interventions based on self-determination theory. Health Education Research, 31(6), 749-759. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/her/cyw046

Website

Ryan, R. M., & Di Domenico, S. I. (2016). Epilogue: Distinct motivations and their differentiated mechanisms: Reflections on the emerging neuroscience of human motivation. In S. Kim, J. Reeve, & M. Bong (Eds.), Recent developments in neuroscience research on human motivation: Advances in motivation and achievement (Vol 19, pp. 349-369). : Emerald Group Publishing. doi: 10.1108/S0749-742320160000019009

Website

Ryan, R. M., & Hawley, P. H. (2016). Naturally good? Basic psychological needs and the proximal and evolutionary bases of human benevolence. In K. W. Brown and M. R. Leary (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of hypo-egoic phenomena (pp. 205-222). New York: Oxford University Press. doi: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199328079.013.14

Website

Brown, K. W., Kasser, T., Ryan, R. M., & Konow, J. (2016). Materialism, spending, and affect: An event-sampling study of marketplace behavior and its affective costs. Journal of Happiness Studies, 17(6), 2277-2292. doi: 10.1007/s10902-015-9694-9

WebsitePDF Full Text

Wang, C. K. J., Morin, A. J. S., Ryan, R. M., & Liu, W. C. (2016). Students’ motivational profiles in the physical education context. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 38(6), 612-630. doi: 10.1123/jsep.2016-0153

WebsitePDF Full Text

Craven, R. G., Ryan, R. M., Mooney, J., Vallerand, R. J., Dillon, A., Blacklock, F., & Magson, N. (2016). Toward a positive psychology of indigenous thriving and reciprocal research partnership model. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 47, 32-43. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2016.04.003

WebsitePDF Full Text

Ryan, R. M., & Martela, F. (2016). Eudaimonia as a way of living: Connecting Aristotle with self-determination theory. In J. Vittersø (Ed.), Handbook of eudaimonic well-being (pp. 109 - 122). New York, NY: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-42445-3_7

Website

Ryan, R. M. (2016). The empirical study of human autonomy using self-determination theory. In R. J. Sternberg , S. T. Fiske & D. J. Foss (Eds.), Scientists making a difference: One hundred eminent scientists talk about their most important contribution (pp. 311-315). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Website

Donald, J. N., Atkins, P. W. B., Parker, P. D., Christie, A. M., & Ryan, R. M. (2016). Daily stress and the benefits of mindfulness: Examining the daily and longitudinal relations between present-moment awareness and stress responses. Journal of Research in Personality, 65, 30-37. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2016.09.002

WebsitePDF Full Text

Martela, F., DeHaan, C. R., & Ryan, R. M. (2016). On enhancing and diminishing energy through psychological means: Research on vitality and depletion from self-determination theory. In In E. R. Hirt, J. J. Clarkson, & L. Jia (Eds.), Self-regulation and ego control (pp. 67-85). New York, NY: Elsevier.

Website

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2016). Optimizing students’ motivation in the era of testing and pressure: A self-determination theory perspective. In J. Wang, C. W. Liu, & R. M. Ryan (Eds.), Building autonomous learners: Research and practical perspectives using self-determination theory (pp. 9-29). Singapore: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-981-287-630-0_2

Website

Stamp, K. D., Dunbar, S. B., Clark, P. C., Reilly, C. M., Gary, R., Higgins, M., & Ryan, R. M. (2016). Family partner intervention influences self-care confidence and treatment self- regulation in patients with heart failure. European Journal of Cardiac Nursing, 15(5), 317-327. doi: 10.1177/1474515115572047

WebsitePDF Full Text

DeHaan, C. R., Hirai, T., & Ryan, R. M. (2016). Nussbaum’s capabilities and self-determination theory’s basic psychological needs: Relating some fundamentals of human wellness. Journal of Happiness, 5, 2037-2049. doi: 10.1007/s10902-015-9684-y

WebsitePDF Full Text

Weinstein, N., Legate, N., Kumashiro, M., & Ryan, R. M. (2016). Autonomy support and diastolic blood pressure: Long term effects and conflict navigation in romantic relationships. Motivation and Emotion, 40(2), 212-225. doi: 10.1007/s11031-015-9526-6

WebsitePDF Full Text

Wang, C. K. J., Ng, B. L. L., Liu, W. C., & Ryan, R. M. (2016). Can being autonomy-supportive in teaching improve students’ self-regulation and performance?. In W. C. Liu, J. C. K. Wang, & R. M. Ryan (Eds.), Building autonomous learners: Perspectives from research and practice using self-determination theory (pp. 227-243). New York, NY: Springer.

Website

Shah, K. N., Ryan, R. M., Majeed, Z., Yoruk, Y. B., Yang, H., Hilton, T. N., McMahon, J. M., Hall, W. J., Walck, D., & Luque, A. E. (2016). Enhancing physical function in HIV-infected older adults: A randomized controlled clinical trial.. Health Psychology, 35(6), 563-573. doi: 10.1037/hea0000311

Website

Martela, F., & Ryan, R. M. (2016). The benefits of benevolence: Basic psychological needs, beneficence, and the enhancement of well-being. Journal of Personality, 84(6), 750-764. doi: 10.1111/jopy.12215

WebsitePDF Full Text

Martela, F., & Ryan, R. M. (2016). Prosocial behavior increases well-being and vitality even without contact with the beneficiary: Causal and behavioral evidence. Motivation and Emotion, 40, 351-357. doi: 10.1007/s11031-016-9552-z

WebsitePDF Full Text

Lewis, V., Martina, C. A., McDermott, M. P., Trief, P. M., Goodman, S. R., Morse, G. D., La Guardia, J. G., Sharp, D., & Ryan, R. M. (2016). A randomized controlled trial of mentoring interventions for underrepresented minorities. Academic Medicine, 91(7), 994-1001. doi: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000001056

WebsitePDF Full Text

Liu, W. C., Wang, C. K. J., & Ryan, R. M. (2016). Building autonomous learners: Perspectives from research and practice using self-determination theory. New York, NY: Springer.

Liu, W. C., Wang, C. K. J., & Ryan, R. M. (2016). Understanding motivation in education: Theoretical and practical considerations. In W. C. Liu, J. C. K. Wang, & R. M. Ryan (Eds.), Building autonomous learners: Perspectives from research and practice using self-determination theory (pp. 1-7). New York, NY: Springer.

Website

Ryan, R. M., Deci, E. L., & Vansteenkiste, M. (2016). Autonomy and autonomy disturbances in self-development and psychopathology: Research on motivation, attachment, and clinical process. In D. Cicchetti (Ed), Developmental psychopathology (Vol 1, pp. 385-438). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Website

Marsden, K. E., Ma, W. J., Deci, E. L., Ryan, R. M., & Chiu, P. H. (2015). Diminished neural responses predict enhanced intrinsic motivation and sensitivity to external incentive. Cognitive, Affective, Behavioral Neuroscience, 15, 276-286. doi: 10.3758/s13415-014-0324-5

WebsitePDF Full Text

, Matsumoto, M., Izuma, K, Sugiura, A., Ryan, R. M., Deci, E. L., & Matsumoto, K. (2015). How self-determined choice facilitates performance: A key role of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Cerebral Cortex, 25, 1241-1251. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bht317

Website

Visser, P. L., Hirsch, J. K., Brown, K. W., Ryan, R. M., & Moynihan, J. A. (2015). Components of sleep quality as mediators of the relation between mindfulness and subjective vitality among older adults. Mindfulness, 6, 723-731. doi: 10.1007/s12671-014-0311-5

WebsitePDF Full Text

Deci, E. L., Ryan, R. M., Schultz, P., & Niemiec, C. P. (2015). Being aware and functioning fully: Mindfulness and interest-taking within self-determination theory. In K. W. Brown, J. D. Creswell & R. M. Ryan, Handbook of mindfulness: Theory, research, and practice.New York, NY: Guilford Press.

Ryan, R. M., & Rigby, C. S. (2015). Did the Buddha have a self? No-self, self, and mindfulness in Buddhist thought and Western psychology. In K. W. Brown, J. David Creswell & R. M. Ryan (Eds.), Handbook of mindfulness: Theory, research, and practice (pp. 245-265). New York, NY: Guilford Publications.

Legate, N., DeHaan, C. R., & Ryan, R. M. (2015). Righting the wrong: Reparative coping after going along with ostracism. The Journal of Social Psychology, 155, 471-482. doi: 10.1080/00224545.2015.1062352

WebsitePDF Full Text

Schultz, P., & Ryan, R. M. (2015). The "why," "what," and "how" of healthy self-regulation: Mindfulness and well-being from a self-determination theory perspective. In B. D. Ostafin, M. D. Robinson & B. P. Meier (Eds.), Handbook of mindfulness and self-regulation (pp. 81-94). New York, NY: Springer Science + Business Media.

PDF Full Text

Schultz, P., Ryan, R. M., Niemiec, C. P., Legate, N., & Williams, G. C. (2015). Mindfulness, work climate, and psychological need satisfaction in employee well-being. Mindfulness, 6, 971-985. doi: 10.1007/s12671-014-0338-7

WebsitePDF Full Text

Chen, B., et al., Vansteenkiste, M., Beyers, W., Boone, L., Deci, E. L., Van der Kaap-Deeder, J., Duriez, B., Lens, W., Matos, L., Mouratidis, A., Ryan, R. M., & Sheldon, K. M. (2015). Basic psychological need satisfaction, need frustration, and need strength across four cultures. Motivation and Emotion, 39, 216-236. doi: DOI 10.1007/s11031-014-9450-1

Website

Baldassarre, G., Stafford, T., Mirolli, M., Redgrave, P., Ryan, R. M., & Barto, A. (2014). Intrinsic motivations and open-ended development in animals, humans, and robots: an overview. Frontiers in psychology, 5, 985. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00985

WebsitePDF Full Text

Nie, Y., Chua, B. L., Yeung, A. S., Ryan, R. M., & Chan, W. Y. (2014). The importance of autonomy support and the mediating role of work motivation for well-being: Testing self-determination theory in a Chinese work organisation. International Journal of Psychology, 50, 245-255. doi: 10.1002/ijop.12110

Website

Kasser, T., Dungan, N., Rosenblum, K. L., Sameroff, A. J., Deci, E. L., Niemiec, C. P., Ryan, R. M., Osp, A., Bond, R., & Dittmar, H. (2014). Changes in materialism, changes in psychological well-being: Evidence from three longitudinal studies and an intervention experiment. Motivation and Emotion, 38, 1-22. doi: 10.1007/s11031-013-9371-4

WebsitePDF Full Text

DeHaan, C. R., & Ryan, R. M. (2014). Symptoms of wellness: Happiness and eudaimonia from a self-determination perspective. In K. M. Sheldon, & R. E. Lucus (Eds.), Stability of happiness: Theories and evidence on whether happiness can change (pp. 37-55). Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier. doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-411478-4.00003-5

Website

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2014). Autonomy and need satisfaction in close relationships: Relationships motivation theory. In N. Weinstein, Human motivation and interpersonal relationships: Theory, research, and applications (pp. 53-73). Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer.

Website

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2014). The importance of universal psychological needs for understanding motivation in the workplace. In M. Gagne, The Oxford handbook of work engagement, motivation, and self-determination theory (pp. 13-32). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Przybylski, A. K., Deci, E. L., Rigby, C. S., & Ryan, R. M. (2014). Competence-impeding electronic games and players’ aggressive feelings, thoughts, and behaviors. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 106, 441-457. doi: 10.1037/a0034820

Website

Rigby, C. S., Schultz, P., & Ryan, R. M. (2014). Mindfulness, interest-taking, and self-regulation: A self-determination theory perspective on the role of awareness in optimal functioning. In A. Ie, C. T. Ngnoumen, & E. Langer (Eds.), Handbook of Mindfulness (pp. 216-235). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.

Ryan, R. M., & Schultz, P. (2014). What Teachers Need: A Self-determination Theory Perspective on Supporting Engaged and Effective Educators. In In Oon-Seng Tan & Woon-Chia Liu (Eds.), What Teachers Need: A Self-determination Theory Perspective on Supporting Engaged and Effective EducatorsSingapore: Cengage Learning Asia Pte Ltd.

Ryan, R. M., Curren, R. R., & Deci, E. L. (2013). What humans need: Flourishing in Aristotelian philosophy and self-determination theory. In A. S. Waterman (Eds.), The best within us: Positive psychology perspectives on eudaimonia (pp. 57-75). Washington, WA: American Psychological Association. doi: 10.1037/14092-004

Website

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2013). Toward a social psychology of assimilation: Self-determination theory in cognitive development and education. In B. W. Sokol, F. M. E. Grouzet, U. Muller (Eds.), Self-regulation and autonomy: Social and developmental dimensions of human conduct (pp. 191-207). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/cbo9781139152198.014

Website

Deci, E. L., Ryan, R. M., & Guay, F. (2013). Self-determination theory and actualization of human potential. In D. McInerney, H. Marsh, R. Craven, & F. Guay (Eds.), Theory driving research: New wave perspectives on self processes and human development (pp. 109-133). Charlotte, NC: Information Age Press.

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2013). The importance of autonomy for development and well-being. In B. W. Sokol, F. M. E. Grouzet, U. Muller (Eds.), Self-regulation and autonomy: Social and developmental dimensions of human conduct (pp. 19-46). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.

Website

Pelletier, L. G., Rocchi, M. A., Vallerand, R. J., Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2013). Validation of the revised sport motivation scale (SMS-II). Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 14, 329-341. doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2012.12.002

Website

Niemiec, C. P., & Ryan, R. M. (2013). What makes for a life well lived? Autonomy and its relation to full functioning and organismic wellness. In S. David, I. Boniwell, & A. Conley Ayers (Eds.), Oxford handbook of happiness (pp. 214-226). Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.

Weinstein, N., Przybylski, A. K., & Ryan, R. M. (2013). The integrative process: New research and future directions. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 22, 69-74. doi: 10.1177/0963721412468001

WebsitePDF Full Text

Vansteenkiste, M., & Ryan, R. M. (2013). On psychological growth and vulnerability: Basic psychological need satisfaction and need frustration as a unifying principle. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 23, 263–280. doi: 10.1037/a0032359

WebsitePDF Full Text

Legate, N., DeHaan, C. R., Weinstein, N., & Ryan, R. M. (2013). Hurting you hurts me too: The psychological costs of complying with ostracism. Psychological Science, 24, 583-588. doi: 10.1177/0956797612457951

WebsitePDF Full Text

Ryan, R. M., Legate, N., Niemiec, C. P., & Deci, E. L. (2012). Beyond illusions and defense: Exploring the possibilities and limits of human autonomy and responsibility through self-determination theory. In P. R. Shaver & M. Mikulincer (Eds.), Meaning, mortality, and choice: The social psychology of existential concerns (pp. 215-233). Washington, WA: American Psychological Association. doi: 10.1037/13748-012

Website

Weinstein, N., Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2012). Motivation, meaning and wellness: A self-determination perspective on the creation and internalization of personal meanings and life goals. In P. T. P. Wang (Ed.), The human quest for meaning: Theories, research, and applications (pp. 81-106). New York: Routledge Publishers. doi: 10.4324/9780203146286

Website

Ryan, R. M., & Legate, N. (2012). Through a fly’s eye: Multiple yet overlapping perspectives on future directions for human motivation research. In R. M. Ryan (Ed.), Oxford handbook of human motivation (pp. 554-564). Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.

Website

Ryan, R. M. (2012). Motivation and the organization of human behavior: Three reasons for the reemergence of a field. In R. M. Ryan (Ed.), Oxford handbook of human motivation (pp. 3-10). Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.

Website

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2012). Self-determination theory in health care and its relations to motivational interviewing: a few comments. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 9, 1-6. doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-9-24

WebsitePDF Full Text

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2012). Motivation, personality, and development within embedded social contexts: An overview of self-determination theory. In R. M. Ryan (Ed.), Oxford handbook of human motivation (pp. 85-107). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. doi: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195399820.001.0001

Website

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2012). Self-determination theory. In P. A. M. Van Lange, A. W. Kruglanski, & E. T. Higgins (Eds.), Handbook of theories of social psychology: Vol. 1 (pp. 416-437). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. doi: 10.4135/9781446201022

Website

Sarrazin, P., Pelletier, L. G., Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2012). Nourrir une motivation autonome et des conséquences positives dans différents milieux de vie : Les apports de la théorie de l’autodétermination. In Charles Martin-Krumm et Cyril Tarquinio (Eds.), Traité de psychologie positiveBruxelles, Belgium: De Boeck.

Website

Weinstein, N., Ryan, W. S., DeHaan, C. R., Przybylski, A. K., Legate, N., & Ryan, R. M. (2012). Parental autonomy support and discrepancies between implicit and explicit sexual identities: Dynamics of self-acceptance and defense. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 102, 815–832. doi: 10.1037/a0026854

Website

Przybylski, A. K., Weinstein, N., , Lynch, M. F., & Ryan, R. M. (2012). The ideal self at play: The appeal of video games that let you be all you can be. Psychological Science, 23, 69–76. doi: 10.1177/0956797611418676

WebsitePDF Full Text

Weinstein, N., Przybylski, A. K., & Ryan, R. M. (2012). The index of autonomous functioning: Development of a scale of human autonomy. Journal of Research in Personality, 46, 397-413. doi: 10.1016/j.jrp.2012.03.007

WebsitePDF Full Text

Teixeira, P. J., Carraça, E. V., Markland, D. A., Silva, M. N., & Ryan, R. M. (2012). Exercise, physical activity, and self-determination theory: A systematic review [Electronic version]. Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 9, 78. doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-9-78

WebsitePDF Full Text

Standage, M., & Ryan, R. M. (2012). Self-determination theory and exercise motivation: Facilitating self-regulatory processes to support and maintain health and well-being. In G. C. Roberts & D. C. Treasure (Eds.), Advances in motivation in sport and exercise (pp. 233-270). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.

Website

Legate, N., Ryan, R. M., & Weinstein, N. (2012). Is coming out always a ‘‘good thing’’? Exploring the relations of autonomy support, outness, and wellness for lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 3, 145-152. doi: 10.1177/1948550611411929

WebsitePDF Full Text

Ng, J. Y. Y., Ntoumanis, N., Thogersen-Ntoumani, C., Deci, E. L., Ryan, R. M., Duda, J. L., & Williams, G. C. (2012). Self-determination theory applied to health contexts: A meta-analysis. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 7, 325-340. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1745691612447309

WebsitePDF Full Text

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2011). A self-determination theory perspective on social, institutional, cultural, and economic supports for autonomy and their importance for well-being. In V. I. Chirkov, R. M. Ryan & K. M. Sheldon (Eds.), Human autonomy in cross-cultural context: Perspectives on the psychology of agency, freedom, and well-being (pp. 45-64). Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer.

Website

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2011). Multiple identities within a single self: A self-determination theory perspective on internalization within contexts and cultures. In M. R. Leary & J. P. Tangney (Eds.), Handbook of self & identity (pp. 253-274). New York: The Guilford Press.

Ryan, R. M., Lynch, M. F., Vansteenkiste, M., & Deci, E. L. (2011). Motivation and autonomy in counseling, psychotherapy, and behavior change: A look at theory and practice. The Counseling Psychologist, 39, 193-260. doi:

WebsitePDF Full Text

Williams, G. C., Patrick, H., Niemiec, C. P., Ryan, R. M., Deci, E. L., & McGregor, H. A. (2011). The smoker’s health project: A self-determination theory intervention to facilitate maintenance of tobacco abstinence. Contemporary Clinical Trials, 32, 535-543. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2011.03.002

Website

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2011). Levels of analysis, regnant causes of behavior, and well-being: The role of psychological needs. Psychological Inquiry, 22, 17-22. doi: 10.1080/1047840x.2011.545978

WebsitePDF Full Text

Weinstein, N., Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2011). Motivational determinants of integrating positive and negative past identities. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100(3), 527-544. doi: 10.1037/a0022150

Website

Rigby, C. S., & Ryan, R. M. (2011). Glued to games: How video games draw us in and hold us spellbound. Santa Barbara, California: Praeger.

Website

Sheldon, K. M., & Ryan, R. M. (2011). Positive psychology and self-determination theory: A natural interface. In V. I. Chirkov, R. M. Ryan & K. M. Sheldon (Eds.), Human autonomy in cross-cultural context: Perspectives on the psychology of agency, freedom, and well-being (pp. 33-44). Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer.

Website

Chirkov, V. I., Sheldon, K. M., & Ryan, R. M. (2011). The struggle for happiness and autonomy in cultural and personal contexts: An overview. In V. I. Chirkov, R. M. Ryan & K. M. Sheldon (Eds.), Human autonomy in cultural contexts: Perspectives on the psychology of agency, freedom, and well-being (pp. 1-30). Dordrecht: Springer.

Weinstein, N., & Ryan, R. M. (2011). A self-determination theory approach to understanding stress incursion and responses. Stress and Health, 27, 4-17. doi: 10.1002/smi.1368

WebsitePDF Full Text

Chirkov, V. I., Ryan, R. M., & Sheldon, K. M. (2011). Human autonomy in cross-cultural contexts: Perspectives on the psychology of agency, freedom, and well-being. Dordrecht: Springer.

Website

Bartholomew, K. J., Ntoumanis, N., Ryan, R. M., Bosch, J. A., & Thogersen-Ntoumani, C. (2011). Self-determination theory and diminished functioning: The role of interpersonal control and psychological need thwarting. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 37, 1459–1473.

PDF Full Text

Bartholomew, K. J., Ntoumanis, N., Ryan, R. M., & Thogersen-Ntoumani, C. (2011). Psychological need thwarting in the sport context: Assessing the darker sides of athletic experience. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 33, 75-102.

Brown, K. W., Ryan, R. M., Loverich, T.M., Biegel, G.M., & West, A.M. (2011). Out of the armchair and into the streets: Measuring mindfulness advances knowledge and improves interventions: Reply to Grossman. Psychological Assessment, 23, 1041-1046.

Ryan, R. M., Bernstein, J. H., & Brown, K. W. (2010). Weekends, work, and well-being: Psychological need satisfactions and day of the week effects on mood, vitality, and physical symptoms. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 29, 95-122. doi: 10.1521/jscp.2010.29.1.95

Website

Niemiec, C. P., Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2010). Self-determination theory and the relation of autonomy to self-regulatory processes and personality development. In R. H. Hoyle (Ed.), Handbook of personality and self-regulation (pp. 169-191). Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.

Ryan, R. M., Weinstein, N., Bernstein, J. H., Brown, K. W., Mistretta, L., & Gagné, M. (2010). Vitalizing effects of being outdoors and in nature. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 30, 159-168.

PDF Full Text

Weinstein, N., DeHaan, C. R., & Ryan, R. M. (2010). Attributing autonomous versus introjected motivation to helpers and the recipient experience: Effects on gratitude, attitudes, and well-being. Motivation and Emotion, 34(4), 418-431. doi: 10.1007/s11031-010-9183-8

WebsitePDF Full Text

Lynch, M. F., Vansteenkiste, M., Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2010). Autonomy as process and outcome: Revisiting cultural and practical issues in motivation for counseling. The Counseling Psychologist, 39(2), 286-302. doi: DOI: 10.1177/0011000010388424

WebsitePDF Full Text

Weinstein, N., Hodgins, H. S., & Ryan, R. M. (2010). Autonomy and control in dyads: Effects on interaction quality and joint creative performance. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 36, 1603-1617.

Website

Huta, V., & Ryan, R. M. (2010). Pursuing pleasure or virtue: The differential and overlapping well-being benefits of hedonic and eudaimonic motives. Journal of Happiness Studies, 11, 735-762.

PDF Full Text

Niemiec, C. P., Brown, K. W., Kashdan, T. B., Cozzolino, P. J., Breen, W. E., Levesque, C. S., & Ryan, R. M. (2010). Being present in the face of existential threat: The role of trait mindfulness in reducing defensive responses to mortality salience. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 99, 344-365.

Website

Przybylski, A. K., Rigby, C. S., & Ryan, R. M. (2010). A motivational model of video game engagement. Review of General Psychology, 14, 154-166. doi: 10.1037/a0019440

WebsitePDF Full Text

Weinstein, N., & Ryan, R. M. (2010). When helping helps: Autonomous motivation for prosocial behavior and its influence on well-being for the helper and recipient. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 98, 222-244. doi: 10.1037/a0016984

Website

Niemiec, C. P., Ryan, R. M., Patrick, H., Deci, E. L., & Williams, G. C. (2010). The energization of health-behavior change: Examining the associations among autonomous self-regulation, subjective vitality, depressive symptoms, and tobacco abstinence. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 5, 122-138. doi: 10.1080/17439760903569162

WebsitePDF Full Text

Ryan, R. M., Williams, G. C., Patrick, H., & Deci, E. L. (2009). Self-determination theory and physical activity: The dynamics of motivation in development and wellness. Hellenic Journal of Psychology, 6, 107-124.

WebsitePDF Full Text

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2009). Promoting self-determined school engagement: Motivation, learning, and well-being. In K. R. Wentzel & A. Wigfield (Eds.), Handbook on motivation at school (pp. 171-196). New York, NY: Routledge.

Niemiec, C. P., Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2009). The path taken: Consequences of attaining intrinsic and extrinsic aspirations in post-college life. Journal of Research in Personality, 43, 291-306. doi: 10.1016/j.jrp.2008.09.001

WebsitePDF Full Text

Roth, G., Assor, A., Niemiec, C. P., Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2009). The emotional and academic consequences of parental conditional regard: Comparing conditional positive regard, conditional negative regard, and autonomy support as parenting practices. Developmental Psychology, 45(4), 1119–1142. doi: 10.1037/a0015272

Website

Williams, G. C., Niemiec, C. P., Patrick, H., Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2009). The importance of supporting autonomy and perceived competence in facilitating long-term tobacco abstinence. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 37, 315-324.

PDF Full Text

Ryan, R. M., & Huta, V. (2009). Wellness as healthy functioning or wellness as happiness: the importance of eudaimonic thinking (response to the Kashdan et al. and Waterman discussion). The Journal of Positive Psychology, 4, 202-204.

WebsitePDF Full Text

Jang, H., Reeve, J., Ryan, R. M., & Kim, A. (2009). Can self-determination theory explain what underlies the productive, satisfying learning experiences of collectivistically oriented Korean students?. Journal of Educational Psychology, 101, 644-661.

Website

Ryan, R. M., & Niemiec, C. P. (2009). Self-determination theory in schools of education: Can an empirically supported framework also be critical and liberating?. Theory and Research in Education, 7, 263-272.

Website

Brown, K. W., Kasser, T., Ryan, R. M., Linley, P. A., & Orzech, K. (2009). When what one has is enough: Mindfulness, financial desire discrepancy, and subjective well-being. Journal of Research in Personality, 43, 727-736.

WebsitePDF Full Text

Przybylski, A. K., Ryan, R. M., & Rigby, C. S. (2009). The motivating role of violence in video games. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 35, 243-259.

WebsitePDF Full Text

Przybylski, A. K., Weinstein, N., Ryan, R. M., & Rigby, C. S. (2009). Having to versus wanting to play: Background and consequences of harmonious versus obsessive engagement in video games. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 12, 485-492.

WebsitePDF Full Text

Weinstein, N., Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2009). A multi-method examination of the effects of mindfulness on stress attribution, coping, and emotional well-being. Journal of Research in Personality, 43, 374-385.

WebsitePDF Full Text

Stone, D., Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2009). Beyond talk: Creating autonomous motivation through self-determination theory. Journal of General Management, 34, 75-91.

WebsitePDF Full Text

Lynch, M. F., La Guardia, J. G., & Ryan, R. M. (2009). On being yourself in different cultures: Ideal and actual self-concept, autonomy support, and well-being in China, Russia, and the United States. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 4, 290-304.

WebsitePDF Full Text

Niemiec, C. P., & Ryan, R. M. (2009). Autonomi, kompetence og indbyrdes relationer i klasseværelset: Anvendelse af selvbestemmelsesteori i undervisningspraksis. Kognition & Pædagogik, 74, 20-31.

Niemiec, C. P., & Ryan, R. M. (2009). Autonomy, competence, and relatedness in the classroom: Applying self-determination theory to educational practice. Theory and Research in Education, 7(2), 133-144.

WebsitePDF Full Text

Weinstein, N., Przybylski, A. K., & Ryan, R. M. (2009). Can nature make us more caring? Effects of immersion in nature on intrinsic aspirations and generosity. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 35, 1315-1329.

WebsitePDF Full Text

Ryan, R. M., & Weinstein, N. (2009). Undermining quality teaching and learning: A self-determination theory perspective on high-stakes testing. Theory and Research in Education, 7(2), 224-233. doi: 10.1177/1477878509104327

WebsitePDF Full Text

Niemiec, C. P., Ryan, R. M., Deci, E. L., & Williams, G. C. (2009). Aspiring to physical health: The role of aspirations for physical health in facilitating long-term tobacco abstinence. Patient Education and Counseling, 74, 250-257.

WebsitePDF Full Text

Niemiec, C. P., Ryan, R. M., & Brown, K. W. (2008). The role of awareness and autonomy in quieting the ego: A self-determination theory perspective. In H. A. Wayment & J. J. Bauer (Eds.), Transcending self-interest: Psychological explorations of the quiet ego (pp. 107-115). Washington, DC: APA Books.

Ryan, R. M., Huta, V., & Deci, E. L. (2008). Living well: A self-determination theory perspective on eudaimonia. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9, 139-170.

Website

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2008). From ego-depletion to vitality: Theory and findings concerning the facilitation of energy available to the self. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2, 702-717.

WebsitePDF Full Text

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2008). A self-determination approach to psychotherapy: The motivational basis for effective change. Canadian Psychology, 49, 186-193.

Website

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2008). Self-determination theory and the role of basic psychological needs in personality and the organization of behavior. In O. P. John, R. W. Robbins, & L. A. Pervin (Eds.), Handbook of Personality: Theory and Research (pp. 654-678). New York: The Guilford Press.

Vansteenkiste, M., Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2008). Self-determination theory and the explanatory role of psychological needs in human well-being. In L. Bruni, F. Comim, & M. Pugno (Eds.), Capabilities and happiness (pp. 187-223). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

Brown, K. W., Ryan, R. M., Creswell, J. D., & Niemiec, C. P. (2008). Beyond me: Mindful responses to social threat. In H. A. Wayment & J. J. Bauer (Eds.), Transcending self-interest: Psychological explorations of the quiet ego (pp. 75-84). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Website

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2008). Favoriser la motivation optimale et la santé mentale dans les divers milieux de vie. Canadian Psychology, 49, 14-23.

Website

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2008). Facilitating optimal motivation and psychological well-being across life’s domains. Canadian Psychology, 49, 14-23. doi: 10.1037/0708-5591.49.1.14

Website

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2008). Self-determination theory: A macrotheory of human motivation, development and health. Canadian Psychology, 49, 182-185. doi: 10.1037/a0012801

Website

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2008). Hedonia, eudaimonia, and well-being: An introduction. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9, 1-11.

Website

Tsai, Y., Kunter, M., Lüdtke, O., Trautwein, U., & Ryan, R. M. (2008). What makes lessons interesting? The role of situational and individual factors in three school subjects. Journal of Educational Psychology, 100, 460-472.

Website

Ryan, R. M., Patrick, H., Deci, E. L., & Williams, G. C. (2008). Facilitating health behaviour change and its maintenance: Interventions based on self-determination theory. The European Health Psychologist, 10, 2-5.

WebsitePDF Full Text

Ryan, R. M., Brown, K. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2007). How integrative is attachment theory? Unpacking the meaning and significance of felt security. Psychological Inquiry, 18, 177-182.

WebsitePDF Full Text

Brown, K. W., Ryan, R. M., & Creswell, J. D. (2007). Mindfulness: Theoretical foundations and evidence for its salutary effects. Psychological Inquiry, 18, 211-237.

WebsitePDF Full Text

Brown, K. W., Ryan, R. M., & Creswell, J. D. (2007). Addressing fundamental questions about mindfulness. Psychological Inquiry, 18, 272-281.

WebsitePDF Full Text

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2007). Active human nature: Self-determination theory and the promotion and maintenance of sport, exercise, and health. In M. S. Hagger & N. L. D. Chatzisarantis (Eds.), Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in exercise and sport (pp. 1-19). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.

Reeve, J., Ryan, R. M., Deci, E. L., & Jang, H. (2007). Understanding and promoting autonomous self-regulation: A self-determination theory perspective. In D. Schunk & B. Zimmerman (Eds.), Motivation and self-regulated learning: Theory, research, and application (pp. 223-244). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.

Soenens, B., Vansteenkiste, M., Lens, W., Luyckx, K., Beyers, W., Goossens, L., & Ryan, R. M. (2007). Conceptualizing parental autonomy support: Adolescent perceptions of promoting independence versus promoting volitional functioning. Developmental Psychology, 43(3), 633-646. doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.43.3.633

Website

Kasser, T., Cohn, S., Kanner, A. D., & Ryan, R. M. (2007). Some costs of American corporate capitalism: A psychological exploration of value and goal conflicts. Psychological Inquiry, 18, 1-22. doi: 10.1080/10478400701386579

WebsitePDF Full Text

La Guardia, J. G., & Ryan, R. M. (2007). Why identities fluctuate: Variability in traits as a function of situational variations in autonomy support. Journal of Personality, 75, 1205-1228.

WebsitePDF Full Text

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2006). Self-regulation and the problem of human autonomy: Does psychology need choice, self-determiniation, and will?. Journal of Personality, 74, 1557-1586. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2006.00420.x

WebsitePDF Full Text

Williams, G. C., McGregor, H. A., Sharp, D., Levesque, C. S., Kouides, R. W., Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2006). Testing a self-determination theory intervention for motivating tobacco cessation: Supporting autonomy and competence in a clinical trial. Health Psychology, 25(1), 91-101. doi: 10.1037/0278-6133.25.1.91

Website

Williams, G. C., McGregor, H. A., Sharp, D., Kouides, R. W., Levesque, C. S., Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2006). A self-determination multiple risk intervention trial to improve smokers’ health. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 21, 1288-1294.

WebsitePDF Full Text

Moller, A. C., Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2006). Self-determination theory and public policy: Improving the quality of consumer decisions without using coercion. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 25, 104-116.

WebsitePDF Full Text

Ryan, R. M., Deci, E. L., Grolnick, W. S., & La Guardia, J. G. (2006). The significance of autonomy and autonomy support in psychological development and psychopathology. In D. Cicchetti & D. J. Cohen (Eds.), Developmental psychopathology: Theory and method (Vol 1, pp. 795-849). New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc..

Ryan, R. M., Rigby, C. S., & Przybylski, A. K. (2006). Motivational pull of video games: A self-determination theory approach. Motivation and Emotion, 30, 347-365. doi: 10.1007/s11031-006-9051-8

WebsitePDF Full Text

Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2006). Multilevel modeling of motivation: A Self-determination Theory analysis of basic psychological needs. In A. D. Ong & M. van Dulmen (Eds.), Oxford handbook of methods in positive psychology (pp. 1158-1183). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Wild, T. C., Cunningham, J. A., & Ryan, R. M. (2006). Social pressure, coercion, and client engagement at treatment entry: A self-determination theory perspective. Addictive Behaviors, 31, 1858-1872.

WebsitePDF Full Text

Niemiec, C. P., Lynch, M. F., Vansteenkiste, M., Bernstein, J., Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2006). The antecedents and consequences of autonomous self-regulation for college: A self-determination theory perspective on socialization. Journal of Adolescence, 29, 761-775.

WebsitePDF Full Text

Moller, A. C., Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2006). Choice and ego-depletion: The moderating role of autonomy. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 1024-1036.

WebsitePDF Full Text

Deci, E. L., La Guardia, J. G., Moller, A. C., Scheiner, M. J., & Ryan, R. M. (2006). On the benefits of giving as well as receiving autonomy support: Mutuality in close friendships. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 313-327.

WebsitePDF Full Text

Evren, C., Saatçioglu, O., Dalbudak, E., Danismant, B., Çakmak, D., & Ryan, R. M. (2006). Factorial structure and reliability and validity of Turkish version treatment motivation questionnaire (TMQ) in alcohol dependents. Journal of Dependence, 7, 117-122.

WebsitePDF Full Text

Ryan, R. M., & Brown, K. W. (2005). Legislating competence: The motivational impact of high stakes testing as an educational reform. In A. E. Elliot & C. Dweck (Eds.), Handbook of competence and motivation (Vol 1st Edition, pp. 354-374). New York: Guilford Press.

Ryan, R. M., La Guardia, J. G., Solky-Butzel, J., Chirkov, V. I., & Kim, Y. (2005). On the interpersonal regulation of emotions: Emotional reliance across gender, relationships, and culture. Personal Relationships, 12, 146-163.

Website

Ryan, R. M., La Guardia, J. G., & Rawsthorne, L. J. (2005). Self-complexity and the authenticity of self-aspects: Effects on well being and resilience to stressful events. North American Journal of Psychology, 3, 431-447.

WebsitePDF Full Text

Markland, D., Ryan, R. M., Tobin, V. J., & Rollnick, S. (2005). Motivational interviewing and self-determination theory. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 24, 811-831.

Website

Ryan, R. M. (2005). The developmental line of autonomy in the etiology, dynamics, and treatment of borderline personality disorders. Development and Psychopathology, 17, 987-1006.

WebsitePDF Full Text

Lynch, M. F., Plant, R. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2005). Psychological needs and threat to safety: Implications for staff and patients in a psychiatric hospital for youth. Professional Psychology, 36, 415-425.

WebsitePDF Full Text

Grouzet, F. M., Sheldon, K. M., Kasser, T., Ahuvia, A., Dols, J. M. F., Kim, Y., Lau, S., Ryan, R. M., Saunders, S., & Schmuck, P. (2005). The structure of goals across 15 cultures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89, 800-816.

Website

Chirkov, V. I., Ryan, R. M., & Willness, C. (2005). Cultural context and psychological needs in Canada and Brazil: Testing a self-determination approach to the internalization of cultural practices, identity, and well-being. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 36, 423-443.

WebsitePDF Full Text

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2004). Autonomy is no illusion: Self-determination theory and the empirical study of authenticity, awareness, and will. In J. Greenberg, S. L. Koole, & T. Pyszczynski (Eds.), Handbook of experimental existential psychology (pp. 449-479). New York: Guilford Press.

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2004). Avoiding death or engaging life as accounts of meaning and culture: A comment on Pyszczynski, Greenberg, Solomon, Arndt, and Schimel. Psychological Bulletin, 130, 473-477.

Website

Zeldman, A., Ryan, R. M., & Fiscella, K. (2004). Motivation, Autonomy Support, and Entity Beliefs: Their role in methadone maintenance treatment. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 23(5), 675-696. doi: 10.1521/jscp.23.5.675.50744

WebsitePDF Full Text

Zeldman, A., Ryan, R. M., & Fiscella, K. (2004). Motivation, autonomy support and entity beliefs: Their role in methadone maintenance treatment. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 23(5), 675-696. doi: 10.1521/jscp.23.5.675.50744

WebsitePDF Full Text

Sheldon, K. M., Ryan, R. M., Deci, E. L., & Kasser, T. (2004). The independent effects of goal contents and motives on well-being: It's both what you pursue and why you pursue it. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30, 475-486.

WebsitePDF Full Text

Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2004). Fostering healthy self-regulation from within and without: A Self-determination theory perspective. In A. P. Linley & S. Joseph (Eds.), Positive psychology in practice (pp. 105-124). New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc..

Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2004). Perils and promise in defining and measuring mindfulness: Observations from experience. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 11, 242-248.

Website

Baard, P. P., Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2004). Intrinsic need satisfaction: A motivational basis of performance and well-being in two work settings. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 34(10), 2045-2068. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2004.tb02690.x

WebsitePDF Full Text

Reeve, J., Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2004). Self-determination theory: A dialectical framework for understanding socio-cultural influences on student motivation. In D. M. McInerney & S. Van Etten (Eds.), Big theories revisited (pp. 31-60). Greenwich, CT: Information Age Press.

Lynch, M. F., & Ryan, R. M. (2004). On being yourself: Consistency versus authenticity of self-concept in cultural and interpersonal contexts. In H. W. Marsh, J. Baumert, G. E. Richards, & U. Trautwein (Eds)., Self-concept, motivation and identity: Where to from here? Proceedings of the third international biennial SELF research conference, in BerlinSydney, Australia: SELF Research Centre, University Of Western Sydney.

Levesque, C. S., Zuehlke, N., Stanek, L., & Ryan, R. M. (2004). Autonomy and competence in German and U.S. university students: A comparative study based on self-determination theory. Journal of Educational Psychology, 96, 68-84.

Website

Kasser, T., Ryan, R. M., Couchman, C.E., & Sheldon, K. M. (2004). . In T. Kasser & A.D. Kanner, (pp. 11-28). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

PDF Full Text

Sheldon, K. M., Elliot, A. J., Ryan, R. M., Chirkov, V. I., Kim, Y., Wu, C., Demir, M., & Sun, Z. (2004). Self-concordance and subjective well-being in four cultures. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 35, 209-223.

Website

Gagné, M., Ryan, R. M., & Bargmann, K. (2003). Autonomy support and need satisfaction in the motivation and well-being of gymnasts. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 15, 372-390.

WebsitePDF Full Text

Ryan, R. M., & Brown, K. W. (2003). Why we don't need self-esteem: On fundamental needs, contingent love, and mindfulness. Psychological Inquiry, 14, 71-76.

WebsitePDF Full Text

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2003). On assimilating identities to the self: A self-determination theory perspective on internalization and integrity within cultures. In M. R. Leary & J. P. Tangney (Eds.), Handbook on self & identity (pp. 253-274). New York: The Guilford Press.

Chirkov, V. I., Ryan, R. M., Kim, Y., & Kaplan, U. (2003). Differentiating autonomy from individualism and independence: A self-determination theory perspective on internalization of cultural orientations and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 97-110.

Website

Shahar, G., Henrich, C. C., Blatt, S. J., Ryan, R. M., & Little, T. D. (2003). Interpersonal relatedness, self-definition, and motivational orientation during adolescence: A theoretical and empirical investigation. Developmental Psychology, 39, 470-483.

Website

Ryan, R. M., & Lynch, M. F. (2003). Motivation and classroom management. In R. Curren (Ed.), A companion to the philosophy of education (pp. 260-271). Oxford: Blackwell.

Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 822-848.

Website

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2002). An overview of self-determination theory. In E. L. Deci & R. M. Ryan (Eds.), Handbook of self-determination research (pp. 3-33). Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press.

Williams, G. C., Minicucci, D. S., Kouides, R. W., Levesque, C. S., Chirkov, V. I., Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2002). Self-determination, smoking, diet and health. Health Education Research, 17, 512-521.

WebsitePDF Full Text

Williams, G. C., Gagné, M., Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2002). Facilitating autonomous motivation for smoking cessation. Health Psychology, 21, 40-50. doi: 10.1037//0278-6133.21.1.40

Website

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2002). The paradox of achievement: The harder you push, the worse it gets. In J. Aronson (Ed.), Improving academic achievement: Impact of Psychological Factors on Education (pp. 61-87). San Diego: Academic Press.

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2002). Self-determination research: Reflections and future directions. In E. L. Deci & R. M. Ryan (Eds.), Handbook of self-determination research (pp. 431-441). Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press.

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2002). Handbook of self-determination research. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press.

Website

Krapp, A., & Ryan, R. M. (2002). Selbstwirksamkeit und lernmotivation. Eine kritische betrachtung der theorie von Bandura aus der sicht der selbstbestimmungstheorie und der pädagogisch-psychologischen interessentheorie. In M. Jerusalem & D. Hopf (Eds.), Lernwirksame schulen (pp. 54-82). Weinheim: Beltz (Beiheft Zur Zeitschrift Für Pädagogik).

La Guardia, J. G., & Ryan, R. M. (2002). What adolescents need: A self-determination theory perspective on development within families, school and society. In F. Pajares & T. Urdan (Eds.), Academic motivation of adolescentsGreenwich CT: IAP.

La Guardia, J. G., & Ryan, R. M. (2002). A self-determination theory perspective on development within families, school, and society. In , Academic motivation of adolescents (pp. 193-219). : Information Age Publishing.

Shields, A., Ryan, R. M., & Cicchetti, D. (2001). Narrative representations of caregivers and emotion dysregulation as predictors of maltreated children's rejection by peers. Developmental Psychology, 37, 321-337.

Website

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2001). On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. In S. Fiske (Ed), Annual review of psychology (Vol 52, pp. 141-166). Palo Alto, CA: Annual Reviews, Inc. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.141

WebsitePDF Full Text

Deci, E. L., Ryan, R. M., Gagné, M., Leone, D. R., Usunov, J., & Kornazheva, B. P. (2001). Need satisfaction, motivation, and well-being in the work organizations of a former Eastern Bloc country. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27(8), 930-942. doi: 10.1177/0146167201278002

WebsitePDF Full Text

Chirkov, V. I., & Ryan, R. M. (2001). Parent and teacher autonomy-support in Russian and U.S. adolescents: Common effects on well-being and academic motivation. Journal of Cross Cultural Psychology, 32, 618-635.

WebsitePDF Full Text

Kasser, T., & Ryan, R. M. (2001). Be Careful What You Wish For: Optimal Functioning and the Relative Attainment of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Goals. In Peter Schmuck & Kennon M. Sheldon, (pp. 116-131). Gottingen: Hogrefe & Huber Publishers.

Deci, E. L., Koestner, R., & Ryan, R. M. (2001). Extrinsic rewards and intrinsic motivation in education: Reconsidered once again. Review of Educational Research., 71, 1-27.

WebsitePDF Full Text

La Guardia, J. G., Ryan, R. M., Couchman, C. E., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Within-person variation in security of attachment: A self-determination theory perspective on attachment, need fulfillment, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79(3), 367-384. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.79.3.367

Website

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: Classic definitions and new directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25, 54-67. doi: 10.1006/ceps.1999.1020

WebsitePDF Full Text

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). The darker and brighter sides of human existence: Basic psychological needs as a unifying concept. Psychological Inquiry, 11, 319-338.

WebsitePDF Full Text

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). When rewards compete with nature: The undermining of intrinsic motivation and self-regulation. In C. Sansone & J. M. Harackiewicz (Eds.), Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation: The search for optimal motivation and performance (pp. 13-54). New York: Academic Press.

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). La teoría de la autodeterminación y la facilitación de la motivación intrínseca, el desarrollo social, y el bienestar. Spanish translation of article appearing in American Psychologist, 55, 68-78.

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68-78. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68

Website

Ryan, R. M., & La Guardia, J. G. (2000). What is being optimized over development?: A self-determination theory perspective on basic psychological needs across the life span. In S. Qualls & N. Abeles (Eds.), Psychology and the aging revolution (pp. 145-172). Washington, DC: APA Books.

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). What is the self in self-directed learning?. In G. A. Straka (Ed.), What is the self in self-directed learning? (pp. 75-92). Muenster, Germany: Waxmann.

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The 'what' and 'why' of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11, 227-268.

WebsitePDF Full Text

Schmuck, P., Kasser, T., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The relationship of well-being to intrinsic and extrinsic goals in Germany and the U.S. Social Indicators Research, 50, 225-241. doi: 10.1023/A:1007084005278

WebsitePDF Full Text

La Guardia, J. G., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). Buts personnels, besoins psychologiques fondamentaux, et bien-être: Théorie de l'autodétermination et applications [Personal goals, fundamental psychological needs, and well-being: Self-determination theory and its applications]. Revue Québécoise de Psychologie, 21, 283-306.

Website

Reis, H. T, Sheldon, K. M., Gable, S. L., Roscoe, J., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). Daily well-being: The role of autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 419-435.

WebsitePDF Full Text

Nix, G. A., Ryan, R. M., Manly, J. B., & Deci, E. L. (1999). Revitalization through self-regulation: The effects of autonomous and controlled motivation on happiness and vitality. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 35(3), 266-284. doi: 10.1006/jesp.1999.1382

WebsitePDF Full Text

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (1999). Approaching and avoiding self-determination: comparing cybernetic and organismic paradigms of motivation. In C. Carver & M. Scheier (Eds.), Perspectives on behavioral self-regulation: Advances in social cognition (Vol XII, pp. 193-215). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.

Ryan, R. M., Chirkov, V. I., Little, T. D., Sheldon, K. M., Timoshina, E., & Deci, E. L. (1999). The American dream in Russia: Extrinsic aspirations and well-being in two cultures. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25(12), 1509-1524. doi: 10.1177/01461672992510007

WebsitePDF Full Text

Ryan, R. M., & La Guardia, J. G. (1999). Achievement motivation within a pressured society: Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations to learn and the politics of school reform. In T. Urdan (Ed.), Advances in motivation and achievement (Vol 11, pp. 45-85). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.

Kasser, V. M., & Ryan, R. M. (1999). The relation of psychological needs for autonomy and relatedness to health, vitality, well-being and mortality in a nursing home. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 29, 935-954. doi: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.1999.tb00133.x

WebsitePDF Full Text

Deci, E. L., Koestner, R., & Ryan, R. M. (1999). The undermining effect is a reality after all: Extrinsic rewards, task interest, and self-determination. Psychological Bulletin, 125, 692-700.

Website

Deci, E. L., Koestner, R., & Ryan, R. M. (1999). A meta-analytic review of experiments examining the effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 125, 627-668. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.125.6.627

Website

Williams, G. C., Saizow, R. B., & Ryan, R. M. (1999). The importance of self-determination theory for medical education. Academic Medicine, 74(9), 992-995. doi: 10.1097/00001888-199909000-00010

WebsitePDF Full Text

Williams, G. C., Rodin, G. C., Ryan, R. M., Grolnick, W. S., & Deci, E. L. (1998). Autonomous regulation and adherence to long-term medical regimens in adult outpatients. Health Psychology, 17, 269-276.

Website

Williams, G. C., Rodin, G. C., Ryan, R. M., Grolnick, W. S., & Deci, E. L. (1998). Autonomous regulation and long-term medication adherence in adult outpatients. Health Psychology, 17(3), 269-76. doi: 10.1037//0278-6133.17.3.269

Website

Ryan, R. M. (1998). Human psychological needs and the issues of volition, control and regulatory focus. In J. Heckhausen & C. Dweck (Eds.), Motivation and self-regulation across the life span (pp. 114-133). New York: Cambridge University Press.

Williams, G. C., Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1998). Building health-care partnerships by supporting autonomy: Promoting maintained behavior change and positive health outcomes. In A. L. Suchman, P. Hinton-Walker, & R. Botelho (Eds.), Partnerships in healthcare: Transforming relational process (pp. 67-87). Rochester, NY: University Of Rochester Press..

Ryan, R. M., Kuhl, J., & Deci, E. L. (1997). Nature and autonomy: An organizational view on the social and neurobiological aspects of self-regulation in behavior and development.. Development and Psychopathology, 9, 701-728.

WebsitePDF Full Text

Ryan, R. M., & Frederick, C. (1997). On energy, personality and health: Subjective vitality as a dynamic reflection of well-being. Journal of Personality, 65(3), 529-565. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1997.tb00326.x

WebsitePDF Full Text

Sheldon, K. M., Ryan, R. M., Rawsthorne, L. J., & Ilardi, B. (1997). Trait self and true self: Cross-role variation in the Big Five personality traits and its relations with psychological authenticity and subjective well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 1380-1393.

Website

Grolnick, W. S., Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1997). Internalization within the family: The self-determination theory perspective. In J. E. Grusec & L. Kuczynski, Parenting and children's internalization of values: A handbook of contemporary theory (pp. 135–161). : John Wiley & Sons Inc..

Website

Grolnick, W. S., Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1997). Internalization within the family: The self-determination theory perspective. In J. E. Grusec & L. Kuczynski (Eds.), Parenting and children's internalization of values: A handbook of contemporary theory (pp. 135-161). New York: Wiley.

Website

Deci, E. L., Kasser, T., & Ryan, R. M. (1997). Self-determined teaching in colleges and universities: Possibilities and obstacles. In J. Bess (Ed), Teaching well and liking it: Motivating faculty to teach effectively (pp. 57-71). Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.

Solky Butzel, J., & Ryan, R. M. (1997). The dynamics of volitional reliance: A motivational perspective on dependence, independence, and social support. In G. R. Pierce, B. Lakey, I. G. Sarason, & B. R. Sarason (Eds.), Sourcebook of social support and personality (pp. 49-67). New York: Plenum.

Ryan, R. M., Frederick, C., Lepes, D., Rubio, N., & Sheldon, K. M. (1997). Intrinsic motivation and exercise adherence. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 28, 335-354.

WebsitePDF Full Text

Ryan, R. M., Sheldon, K. M., Kasser, T., & Deci, E. L. (1996). All goals are not created equal: An organismic perspective on the nature of goals and their regulation. In P. M. Gollwitzer & J. A. Bargh (Eds.), The psychology of action: Linking cognition and motivation to behavior (pp. 7-26). New York: Guilford Press.

Williams, G. C., Grow, V. M., Freedman, Z. R., Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (1996). Motivational predictors of weight loss and weight-loss maintenance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(1), 115-126. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.70.1.115

Website

Sheldon, K. M., Ryan, R. M., & Reis, H. T. (1996). What makes for a good day? Competence and autonomy in the day and in the person. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 1270-1279.

WebsitePDF Full Text

Kasser, T., & Ryan, R. M. (1996). Further examining the American dream: Differential correlates of intrinsic and extrinsic goals. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22(3), 280-287. doi: 10.1177/0146167296223006

WebsitePDF Full Text

Deci, E. L., Ryan, R. M., & Williams, G. C. (1996). Need satisfaction and the self-regulation of learning. Learning and Individual Differences, 8, 165-183.

Website

Ryan, R. M., Deci, E. L., & Grolnick, W. S. (1995). Autonomy, relatedness, and the self: Their relation to development and psychopathology. In D. Cicchetti & D. J. Cohen (Eds.), Developmental psychopathology: Theory and methods (Vol 1, pp. 618-655). New York: Wiley.

Ryan, R. M., Plant, R. W., & O'Malley, S. (1995). Initial motivations for alcohol treatment: Relations with patient characteristics, treatment involvement and dropout. Addictive Behaviors, 20(3), 279-297. doi: 10.1016/0306-4603(94)00072-7

WebsitePDF Full Text

Ryan, R. M. (1995). Psychological needs and the facilitation of integrative processes. Journal of Personality, 63, 397-427.

WebsitePDF Full Text

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1995). Human autonomy: The basis for true self-esteem. In M. Kernis (Ed.), Efficacy, agency, and self-esteem (pp. 31-49). New York: Plenum Publishing Co.

Frederick, C., & Ryan, R. M. (1995). Self-determination in sport: A review using cognitive evaluation theory. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 26, 5-23.

Website

Kasser, T., Ryan, R. M., Zax, M., & Sameroff, A. J. (1995). The relations of maternal and social environments to late adolescents' materialistic and prosocial values. Developmental Psychology, 31(6), 907-914. doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.31.6.907

Website

Ryan, R. M., & Kuczkowski, R. (1994). The imaginary audience, self-consciousness, and public individuation in adolescence. Journal of Personality, 62, 219-238.

WebsitePDF Full Text

Ryan, R. M., Stiller, J., & Lynch, J. H. (1994). Representations of relationships to teachers, parents, and friends as predictors of academic motivation and self-esteem. Journal of Early Adolescence, 14, 226-249.

WebsitePDF Full Text

Shields, A., Cicchetti, D., & Ryan, R. M. (1994). The development of emotional and behavioral self-regulation and social competence among maltreated school-age children. Development and Psychopathology, 6, 57-75.

WebsitePDF Full Text

Ryan, R. M., Rigby, C. S., & King, K. (1993). Two types of religious internalization and their relations to religious orientation and mental health. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 586-596.

Website

Ryan, R. M. (1993). Agency and organization: Intrinsic motivation, autonomy and the self in psychological development. In J. Jacobs (Ed.), Nebraska symposium on motivation: Developmental perspectives on motivation (Vol 40, pp. 1-56). Lincoln, NE: University Of Nebraska Press.

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1993). Die Selbstbestimmungstheorie Der Motivation Und Ihre Bedeutung Für Die Pädagogik. Zeitschrift Für Pädagogik, 39, 223-238.

WebsitePDF Full Text

Frederick, C., & Ryan, R. M. (1993). Differences in motivation for sport and exercise and their relations with participation and mental health. Journal of Sport Behavior, 16, 124-146.

WebsitePDF Full Text

Kasser, T., & Ryan, R. M. (1993). A dark side of the American dream: Correlates of financial success as a central life aspiration. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65(2), 410-422. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.65.2.410

Website

Ilardi, B. C., Leone, D., Kasser, T., & Ryan, R. M. (1993). Employee and supervisor ratings of motivation: Main effects and discrepancies associated with job satisfaction and adjustment in a factory setting. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 23, 1789-1805.

WebsitePDF Full Text

Kasser, T., Davey, J., & Ryan, R. M. (1992). Motivation, dependability, and employee-supervisor discrepancies in psychiatric vocational rehabilitation settings. Rehabilitation Psychology, 37(3), 175-187. doi: 10.1037//0090-5550.37.3.175

Website

Kasser, T., Davey, J., & Ryan, R. M. (1992). Motivation and employee-supervisor discrepancies in a psychiatric vocational rehabilitation settings. Rehabilitation Psychology, 37, 175-187.

Website

Grolnick, W. S., & Ryan, R. M. (1992). Parental resources and the developing child in school. In M. Procidano & C. Fisher (Eds.), Contemporary families: A handbook for school professionals (pp. 275-291). New York: Teachers College Press.

Rigby, C. S., Deci, E. L., Patrick, B. C, & Ryan, R. M. (1992). Beyond the intrinsic-extrinsic dichotomy: Self-determination in motivation and learning. Motivation and Emotion, 16, 165-185.

WebsitePDF Full Text

Ryan, R. M., Koestner, R., & Deci, E. L. (1991). Ego-involved persistence: When free-choice behavior is not intrinsically motivated. Motivation and Emotion, 15, 185-205. doi: 10.1007/BF00995170

WebsitePDF Full Text

Grolnick, W. S., Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (1991). The inner resources for school performance: Motivational mediators of children's perceptions of their parents. Journal of Educational Psychology, 83(4), 508-517. doi: 10.1037/0022-0663.83.4.508

Website

Ryan, R. M., Plant, R. W., & Kuczkowski, R. J. (1991). Relation of self-projection processes to performance, emotion, and memory in a controlled interaction setting. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 17, 427-434. doi: 10.1177/0146167291174011

Website

Ryan, R. M., & Powelson, C. L. (1991). Autonomy and relatedness as fundamental to motivation in education. Journal of Experimental Education, 60, 49-66.

Website

Ryan, R. M. (1991). The nature of the self in autonomy and relatedness. In J. Strauss &, G. R. Goethals (Eds.), Multidisciplinary perspectives on the self (pp. 208-238). New York: Springer-Verlag.

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1991). A motivational approach to self: Integration in personality. In R. Dienstbier (Ed.), Nebraska symposium on motivation: Perspectives on motivation, Vol. 38 (pp. 237-288). Lincoln, NE: University Of Nebraska Press.

Williams, G. C., Quill, T. E., Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1991). The facts concerning the recent carnival of smoking in Connecticut (and elsewhere). Annals of Internal Medicine, 115, 59-63.

Website

Deci, E. L., Vallerand, R. J., Pelletier, L. G., & Ryan, R. M. (1991). Motivation and education: The self-determination perspective. The Educational Psychologist, 26, 325-346.

WebsitePDF Full Text

Ryan, R. M., & Stiller, J. (1991). The social contexts of internalization: Parent and teacher influences on autonomy, motivation and learning. In P. R. Pintrich & M. L. Maehr (Eds.), Advances in motivation and achievement: Vol. 7, goals and self-regulatory processes (pp. 115-149). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.

Ryan, R. M., Connell, J. P., & Plant, R. W. (1990). Emotions in non-directed text learning. Learning and Individual Differences, 2(1), 1-17. doi: 10.1016/1041-6080(90)90014-8

WebsitePDF Full Text

Grolnick, W. S., & Ryan, R. M. (1990). Self-perceptions, motivation, and adjustment in children with learning disabilities: A multiple group comparison study. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 23, 177-184. doi: 10.1177/002221949002300308

WebsitePDF Full Text

Grolnick, W. S., & Ryan, R. M. (1990). Self-perceptions, motivation, and adjustment in children with learning disabilities: A multiple group comparison study. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 23, 177-184. doi: 10.1177/002221949002300308

WebsitePDF Full Text

Ryan, R. M., & Connell, J. P. (1989). Perceived locus of causality and internalization: Examining reasons for acting in two domains. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 749-761. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.57.5.749

Website

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (1989). Bridging the research traditions of task/ego involvement and intrinsic/extrinsic motivation: A commentary on Butler (1987). Journal of Educational Psychology, 81, 265-268.

Website

Ryan, R. M., & Lynch, J. (1989). Emotional autonomy versus detachment: Revisiting the vicissitudes of adolescence and young adulthood. Child Development, 60, 340-356.

WebsitePDF Full Text

Ryan, R. M. (1989). Social ontology and its relevance for psychological theory. New Ideas in Psychology, 7, 115-124.

Website

Deci, E. L., Connell, J. P., & Ryan, R. M. (1989). Self-determination in a work organization. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74(4), 580-590. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.74.4.580

Website

Grolnick, W. S., & Ryan, R. M. (1989). Parent styles associated with children's self-regulation and competence in school. Journal of Educational Psychology, 81(2), 143-154. doi: 10.1037/0022-0663.81.2.143

Website

Kreipe, R. E., Strauss, J., Hodgman, C. H., & Ryan, R. M. (1989). Menstrual abnormalities and subclinical eating disorders. Psychosomatic Medicine, 51, 81-86.

WebsitePDF Full Text

Avery, R. R., & Ryan, R. M. (1988). Object relations and ego development: Comparison and correlates in middle childhood. Journal of Personality, 56, 547-569.

WebsitePDF Full Text

Strauss, J., & Ryan, R. M. (1988). Cognitive dysfunction in anorexia nervosa. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 7, 19-27.

WebsitePDF Full Text

Connell, J. P., & Ryan, R. M. (1987). Motivation and development in the context of schools. International Society for The Study of Behavioral Development Newsletter, 12, 1-3.

Website

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1987). The support of autonomy and the control of behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 1024-1037.

Website

Vallerand, R. J., Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1987). Intrinsic motivation in sport. In K. Pandolf (Ed,), Exercise and sport science reviews, Vol. 15 (pp. 389-425). New York: Macmillan.

Grolnick, W. S., & Ryan, R. M. (1987). Autonomy in children's learning: An experimental and individual difference investigation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 890-898.

Website

Strauss, J., & Ryan, R. M. (1987). Autonomy disturbances in subtypes of anorexia nervosa. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 96(3), 254-258. doi: 10.1037/0021-843X.96.3.254

Website

Ryan, R. M., & Grolnick, W. S. (1986). Origins and pawns in the classroom: Self-report and projective assessments of children's perceptions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 550-558.

Website

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1986). The dynamics of self-determination in personality and development. In R. Schwarzer (Ed.), Self-related cognitions in anxiety and motivation (pp. 171-194). Hillside, NY: Erlbaum.

Ryan, R. M., & Avery, R. R. (1985). A Rorschach assessment of children's mutuality of autonomy. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 6-12.

WebsitePDF Full Text

Ryan, R. M., Connell, J. P., & Deci, E. L. (1985). A motivational analysis of self-determination and self-regulation in education. In C. Ames & R. E. Ames (Eds.), Research on motivation in education: The classroom in milieu (pp. 13-51). New York: Academic Press.

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (1985). The third selective paradigm and the role of human motivation in cultural and biological selection: A response to Csikszentmihalyi and Massimini. New Ideas in Psychology, 3, 259-264.

Website

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York: Plenum Publishing Co.

Website

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). The general causality orientations scale: Self-determination in personality. Journal of Research in Personality, 19(2), 109-134. doi: 10.1016/0092-6566(85)90023-6

WebsitePDF Full Text

Plant, R. W., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and the effects of self-consciousness, self-awareness, and ego-involvement: An investigation of internally-controlling styles. Journal of Personality, 53(3), 435-449. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1985.tb00375.x

WebsitePDF Full Text

Koestner, R., Ryan, R. M., Bernieri, F., & Holt, K (1984). Setting limits on children's behavior: The differential effects of controlling versus informational styles on children's intrinsic motivation and creativity. Journal of Personality, 54, 233-248.

WebsitePDF Full Text

Connell, J. P., & Ryan, R. M. (1984). A developmental theory of motivation in the classroom. Teacher Education Quarterly, 11, 64-77.

Website

Ryan, R. M., Mims, V., & Koestner, R. (1983). Relation of reward contingency and interpersonal context to intrinsic motivation: A review and test using Cognitive Evaluation Theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45(4), 736-750. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.45.4.736

Website

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1983). The basis of self-determination: Intrinsic motivation and integrated internalizations. Academic Psychology Bulletin, 5, 21-29.

Deci, E. L., Speigel, N. H., Ryan, R. M., Koestner, R., & Kauffman, M. (1982). The effects of performance standards on teaching styles: The behavior of controlling teachers. Journal of Educational Psychology, 74, 852-859.

Website

Ryan, R. M. (1982). Control and information in the intrapersonal sphere: An extension of Cognitive Evaluation Theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43(3), 450-461. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.43.3.450

Website

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1982). Intrinsic motivation to teach: Possibilities and obstacles in our colleges and universities. In J. Bess (Ed.), New directions in teaching and learning (pp. 27-36). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Deci, E. L., Schwartz, A. J., Sheinman, L., & Ryan, R. M. (1981). An instrument to assess adults' orientations toward control versus autonomy with children: Reflections on intrinsic motivation and perceived competence. Journal of Educational Psychology, 73(5), 642-650. doi: 10.1037/0022-0663.73.5.642

Website

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1980). The empirical exploration of intrinsic motivational processes. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol 13, pp. 39-80). New York: Academic Press.

Ahmadi, A., Noetel, M., Parker, P. D., Lonsdale, C., Ryan, R. M., Ntoumanis, N., Reeve, J., Beauchamp, M., Dicke, T., Yeung, A., Ahmadi, M., Bartholomew, K., Chiu, T., Curran, T., Erturan, G., Flunger, B., Frederick, C., & Froiland, J. M., González-Cutre, D., Haerens, L., Jeno, L. M., Koka, A., Krijgsman, C., Langdon, J., White, R. L., Litalien, D., Lubans, D., Mahoney, J., Nalipay, M.. J. N., Patall, E., Perlman, D., Quested, E., Schneider, S., Standage, M., Stroet, K., Tessier, D., Thogersen-Ntoumani, C., Tilga, H., Vasconcellos, D., (). Academic honesty during the 2020 COVID-19 shutdown: Perspectives from instructors and students in higher education. Journal of Educational Psychology, Advance Online doi: 10.1037/edu0000783

WebsitePDF Full Text