Richard Ryan

Ballou, N., Denisova, A., Ryan, R. M., Rigby, C. S., & Deterding, S. (2024). The Basic Needs in Games Scale (BANGS): A new tool for investigating positive and negative video game experiences. Preprint doi: 10.31234/osf.io/4965z

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Huber, S. E., Kiili, K., Nebel, S., Ryan, R. M., Sailer, M., & Ninaus, M. (2024). Leveraging the potential of large language models in education by playful and game-based learning. Educational Psychology Review, 36, 25. doi: 10.1007/s10648-024-09868-z

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Ryan, R. M. (2024). Comments on integration, theory conflicts, and practical implementations: Some contrarian ideas for consideration. Educational psychology Review, 36, 16. doi: 10.1007/s10648-024-09858-1

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Bradshaw, E. L., Ferber, K. A., & Ryan, R. M. (2024). Seeking solitude skills: Do memories of intrinsic goals enhance enjoyment of alone time?. Journal of Personality, Advance online publication doi: 10.1111/jopy.12914

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Burnell, R., Peters, D., Ryan, R. M., & Calvo, R. A. (2023). Technology evaluations are associated with psychological need satisfaction across different spheres of experience: an application of the METUX scales. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1092288. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1092288

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Ryan, R. M., Reeve, J., Matos, L., & Cheon, S. H. (2023). doi: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197600047.013.60

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Ryan, R. M., & DeHaan, C. R. (2023). doi: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197600047.013.57

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Ahmadi, A., Noetel, M., Parker, P., Ryan, R. M., Ntoumanis, N., Reeve, J., Jeno, L. M., Beauchamp, M., Dicke, T., Yeung, A., Ahmadi, M., Bartholomew, K., Chiu, T., Curren, R., & Erturan, G., Flunger, B. (2023). A classification system for teachers’ motivational behaviors recommended in self-determination theory interventions. Journal of Educational Psychology, 115(8), 1158–1176. doi: 10.1037/edu0000783

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Slemp, G., Field, J. G., Ryan, R. M., Forner, V. M., Van den Broeck, A., & Lewis, K. J. (2023). Interpersonal Supports for Basic Psychological Needs and Their Relations with Motivation, Well-Being, and Performance: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Advance Online

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Ryan, R. M. (2023). The Oxford handbook of self-determination theory. : Oxford University Press. doi: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197600047.001.0001

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Bradshaw, E. L., DeHaan, C. R., Parker, P. D., Curren, R., Duineveld, J. J., Di Domenico, S. I., & Ryan, R. M. (2023). The perceived conditions for living well: Positive perceptions of primary goods linked with basic psychological needs and wellness. Journal of Positive Psychology, 18(1), 44-60. doi: 10.31234/osf.io/c8sj4

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Bradshaw, E. L., Anderson, J. R., Banday, M. A. J., Basarkod, G., Daliri-Ngametua, R., Ferber, K., Henry, D., & Ryan, R. M. (2023). A quantitative meta-analysis and qualitative meta-synthesis of aged care residents’ experiences of autonomy, being controlled, and optimal functioning. The Gerontologist, Advance online publication doi: 10.1093/geront/gnad135

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Martela, F., & Ryan, R. M. (2023). Clarifying eudaimonia and psychological functioning to complement evaluative and experiential well-being: Why basic psychological needs should be measured in national accounts of well-being. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 18(3), 1121–1135. doi: 10.1177/17456916221141099

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Bradshaw, E. L., Conigrave, J. H., Steward, B. A., Ferber, K. A., Parker, P. D., & Ryan, R. M. (2023). A meta-analysis of the dark side of the American dream: Evidence for the universal wellness costs of prioritizing extrinsic over intrinsic goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 124(4), 873-899. doi: 10.1037/pspp0000431

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Vansteenkiste, M., Soenens, B., & Ryan, R. M. (2023). Basic psychological needs theory: A conceptual and empirical review of key criteria. In R. M. Ryan (Ed.), Oxford handbook of self-determination theory (pp. 84-123). : Oxford University Press. doi: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197600047.013.5

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Ryan, R. M., Duineveld, J., Di Domenico, S. I., Ryan, W. S., Steward, B. A., & Bradshaw, E. L. (2022). We know this much is (meta-analytically) true: A meta-review of meta-analytic findings evaluating self-determination theory. Psychological Bulletin, 148(11-12), 813-842. doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000385

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Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2022). doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-69909-7_2630-2

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Di Domenico, S. I., Ryan, R. M., Bradshaw, E. L., & Duineveld, J. J. (2022). Motivations for personal financial management: A self-determination theory perspective. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 977818. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.977818

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Magson, N., Craven, R. G., Ryan, R. M., Dillon, A., Mooney, J., Blacklock, F., Yeung, A. S., Kadir, M. S., & Franklin, A. (2022). A cross-cultural investigation of basic psychological need satisfaction at work in an indigenous and non-indigenous Australian sample across occupation types.. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 53(2), 213-238. doi: 10.1177/00220221211060441

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Reeve, J., Ryan, R. M., Cheon, S. H., Matos, L., & Kaplan, H. (2022). Supporting Students' Motivation: Strategies for Success. : . doi: 10.4324/9781003091738

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Quirin, M., Kuhl, J., Kerber, A., Küstermann, E., Radtke, E., Kazén, M., Konrad, C., Baumann, N., Ryan, R. M., & Ennis, M. (2022). Not the master of your volitional mind? The roles of the right medial prefrontal cortex and personality traits in unconscious introjections versus self-chosen goals. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 740925. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.740925

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Di Domenico, S. I., Fournier, M. A., Rodrigo, A. H., Dong, M., Ayaz, H., Ryan, R. M., & Ruocco, A. (2022). Medial prefrontal activity during self-other judgments is modulated by relationship need fulfillment. Social Neuroscience, 17(3), 236-245. doi: 10.1080/17470919.2022.2074135

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Curren, R., Barber, Z., & Ryan, R. M. (2022). Moral character education after COVID-19: An interview. Philosophical Inquiry in Education, 29(1)

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Psychological Science Accelerator Self-Determination Theory Collaboration:, Ryan, R. M., Legate, N., Nguyen, T., Weinstein, N., Moller, A. C., Legault, L., Carpentier, J., Carpentier, J., & Chanal, J. (2022). A global experiment on motivating social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 119(22), e2111091119. doi: 10.31234/osf.io/n3dyf

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Evans, P., & Ryan, R. M. (2022). . In G. McPherson, Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations for music performance (Vol 1, pp. 576-603). : Oxford University Press. doi: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190056285.013.24

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Martela, F., Lehmus-Sun, A., Parker, P. D., Pessi, A. B., & Ryan, R. M. (2022). Needs and well-being across Europe: Basic psychological needs are closely connected with well-being, meaning, and symptoms of depression in 27 European countries. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 4(5), 501–514. doi: 10.1177/19485506221113678

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Gleeson, J. F. M., Eleftheriadis, D., Santesteban-Echarri, O., Koval, P., Bastian, B., Penn, D. L., Lim, M. H., Ryan, R. M., & Alvarez-Jimenez, M. (2021). Positive and meaningful lives: Systematic review and meta‐analysis of eudaimonic well‐being in first‐episode psychosis. Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 15(5), 1072-1091. doi: doi.org/10.1111/eip.13049

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Ryan, R. M., Donald, J. N., & Bradshaw, E. L. (2021). Mindfulness and motivation: A process view using Self-Determination Theory. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 30(4), 300-306. doi: 10.1177/09637214211009511

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Bradshaw, E. L., Ryan, R. M., Noetel, M., Saeri, A. K., Slattery, P., Grundy, E., & Calvo, R. A. (2021). Information safety assurances increase intentions to use COVID-19 contact tracing applications, regardless of autonomy-supportive or controlling message framing. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 591638. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.591638

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Conigrave, J. H., Bradshaw, E. L., Conigrave, K. M., Ryan, R. M., Wilson, S., Perry, J., Doyle, M .F., & Lee, K. S. K. (2021). Alcohol consumption and dependence is linked to the extent that people experience need satisfaction while drinking alcohol in two Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. Addiction Science & Clinical Practice, 16(23) doi: 10.1186/s13722-021-00231-z

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Ryan, R. M., & Reeve, J. (2021). doi: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190060800.013.10

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Ryan, R. M. (2021). A question of continuity: A self-determination theory perspective on “third wave” behavioral theories and practices. World Psychiatry, 20(3), 376-377. doi: 10.1002/wps.20885

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Howard, J. L., Bureau, J., Guay, F., Chong, J. X. Y., & Ryan, R. M. (2021). Student motivation and associated outcomes: A meta-analysis from self-determination theory. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 16(6), 1300-1323. doi: 10.1177/1745691620966789

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Nishimura, T., Bradshaw, E. L., Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2021). Satisfaction of basic psychological needs in an interdependence model of fathers’ own aspirations and those of their adolescent children. Social Development, 30(1), 293-310. doi: 10.1111/sode.12473

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Martela, F., & Ryan, R. M. (2021). If giving money to Red Cross increases well-being, does taking money from the Red Cross increase ill-being? – Evidence from three experiments. Journal of Research in Personality, 93, 104114. doi: 10.1016/j.jrp.2021.104114

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Martela, F., & Ryan, R. M. (2021). In selecting measures for a comprehensive assessment of well-being, it is essential to include indicators of psychological need satisfaction. Preventive Medicine, 23, 101474. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101474

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Bradshaw, E. L., Sahdra, B. K., Ciarrochi, J., Parker, P. D., Martos, T., & Ryan, R. M. (2021). A configural approach to aspirations: The social breadth of aspiration profiles predicts well-being over and above the intrinsic and extrinsic aspirations that comprise the profiles. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 120(1), 226-256. doi: 10.1037/pspp0000374

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Donald, J. N., Bradshaw, E. L., Conigrave, J. H., Parker, P. D., Byatt, L. L., Noetel, M., & Ryan, R. M. (2021). Paths to the light and dark sides of human nature: A meta-analytic review of the prosocial benefits of autonomy and the antisocial costs of control. Psychological Bulletin, 147(9), 921-946. doi: 10.1037/bul0000338

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Legate, N., Weinstein, N., & Ryan, R. M. (2021). Ostracism in real life: Evidence that ostracizing others has costs, even when it feels justified. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 43(4), 226-238. doi: 10.1080/01973533.2021.1927038

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Nguyen, T. T., Weinstein, N., & Ryan, R. M. (2021).

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Ryan, R. M., Deci, E. L., Vansteenkiste, M., & Soenens, B. (2021). Building a science of motivated persons: Self-determination theory’s empirical approach to human experience and the regulation of behavior. Motivation Science, 7(2), 97-110. doi: 10.1037/mot0000194

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Ryan, R. M., Deci, E. L., Vansteenkiste, M., & Soenens, B. (2021). A legacy unfinished: An appreciative reply to comments on self-determination theory’s frontiers and challenges. Motivation Science, 7(2), 120-121. doi: 10.1037/mot0000237

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Morbée, S., Vansteenkiste, M., Vermote, B., Waterschoot, J., Dieleman, L., Soenens, B., Van den Bergh, O., Ryan, R. M., Vanhalst, J., & De Muynck, G. (2021). Adherence to COVID-19 measures: The critical role of autonomous motivation on a short- and long-term basis. Motivation Science, 7(4), 487-496. doi: 10.1037/mot0000250

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Martela, F., Hankonen, N., Ryan, R. M., & Vansteenkiste, M. (2021). . In , Motivating voluntary compliance to behavioural restrictions: Self-determination theory-based checklist of principles for COVID-19 and other emergency communications (Vol 32(2), pp. 305-347). : . doi: 10.1080/10463283.2020.1857082

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Vermote, B., Waterschoot, J., Morbée, S., Van der Kaap-Deeder, J., Schrooyen, C., Soenens, B., Ryan, R. M., & Vansteenkiste, M. (2021). Do psychological needs play a role in times of uncertainty? Associations with well-being during the COVID-19 crisis. Journal of Happiness Studies, 23, 257-288. doi: 10.1007/s10902-021-00398-x

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Ntoumanis, N., Williams, G. C., Ng, J. Y. Y., Prestwich, A., Quested, E., Hancox, J. E., Thogersen-Ntoumani, C., Deci, E. L., Ryan, R. M., & Lonsdale, C. (2021). . In , A meta-analysis of self-determination theory-informed intervention studies in the health domain: Effects on motivation, health behavior, physical, and psychological health (Vol 15(2), pp. 214-244). : . doi: 10.1080/17437199.2020.1718529

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Craven, R., Marsh, H., Ryan, R. M., Dickie, T., Guo, J., Gallagher, P., Van Zanden, B., Kennedy, M., & Birch, P. (2020). A critical social justice issue of our time: Enabling police wellbeing. In In P. Birch, M. Kennedy, & E. Kruger, Australian policing: Critical issues in 21st century police practice (pp. 71-92). London, UK: Routledge.

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Bradshaw, E. L., Ryan, R. M., Noetel, M., Saeri, A., Slattery, P., Grundy, E., & Calvo, R. A. (2020). Information safety assurances affect intentions to use COVID-19 contact tracing applications, regardless of autonomy-supportive or controlling message framing. Preprint doi:

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Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2020). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation from a self-determination theory perspective: Definitions, theory, practices, and future directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 61, 101860. doi: 10.1016/j.cedpsych.2020.101860

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Kadir, M. S., Yeung, A. S., Ryan, R. M., Forbes, A., & Diallo, T. M. O. (2020). Effects of a dual-approach instruction on students’ science achievement and motivation. Educational Psychology Review, 32(3), 571-602. doi: 10.1007/s10648-018-9449-3

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Vasconcellos, D., Lonsdale, C., Parker, P., Hilland, T., Cinelli, R., Owen, K. B., Kapsal, N., ..., Ntoumanis, N., & Ryan, R. M. (2020). Self-determination theory applied to physical education: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Educational Psychology, 112, No. 7, 1444-1469. doi: 10.1037/edu0000420

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Ryan, R. M., & Rigby, C. S. (2020). Motivational foundations of game-based learning. In J. L. Plass, R. E. Mayer, & B. D. Homer, (Eds.), Handbook of game-based learning (pp. 153-176). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

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Hagger, M. S., Hankonen, N., Chatzisarantis, N. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2020). Changing behavior using self-determination theory. In In M. S. Hagger, L. D. Cameron, K. Hamilton, N. Hankonen, &T. Lintunen (Eds), The handbook of behavior change (pp. 104-119). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/9781108677318.008

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Calvo, R. A., Deterding, S., & Ryan, R. M. (2020). Health surveillance during covid-19 pandemic: How to safeguard autonomy and why it matters. BMJ, 369, m1373. doi: 10.1136/bmj.m1373

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Calvo, R. A., Deterding, S., & Ryan, R. M. (2020). Health surveillance during covid-19 pandemic: How to safeguard autonomy and why it matters. BMJ, 369, m1373. doi: 10.1136/bmj.m1373

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Martela, F., & Ryan, R. M. (2020). Distinguishing between basic psychological needs and basic wellness enhancers: the case of beneficence as a candidate psychological need. Motivation and Emotion, 44(1), 116-133. doi: 10.1007/s11031-019-09800-x

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Standage, M., & Ryan, R. M. (2020). Self-determination theory in sport and exercise. In In G. Tenenbaum & R. C. Eklund (Eds.), Handbook of sport psychology (Vol Vol. 1, pp. 37-56). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. doi: 10.1002/9781119568124.ch3

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Calvo, R. A., Peters, D., Vold, K., & Ryan, R. M. (2020). Supporting human autonomy in AI systems: A framework for ethical enquiry. In C. Burr, & L. Floridi (Eds.), Ethics of Digital Well-Being: A Multidisciplinary Approach (Vol vol 140, pp. 31-54). : Springer, Cham. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-50585-1_2

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Donald, J. N., Bradshaw, E. L., Ryan, R. M., Basarkod, G., Ciarrochi, J., Duineveld, J. J., Guo, J., & Sahdra, B. K. (2020). Mindfulness and its association with varied types of motivation: A systematic review and meta-analysis using self-determination theory. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 46(7), 1121-1138. doi: 10.1177/0146167219896136

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Vansteenkiste, M., Ryan, R. M., & Soenens, B. (2020). Basic psychological need theory: Advancements, critical themes, and future directions. Motivation and Emotion, 44, 1-31. doi: 10.1007/s11031-019-09818-1

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Van der Kaap-Deeder, J., Soenens, B., Ryan, R. M., & Vansteenkiste, M. (2020). . In , Manual of the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale (BPNSFS)Belgium: Ghent University.

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Bhavsar, N., Ntoumanis, N., Quested, E., Gucciardi, D. F., Thogersen-Ntoumani, C., Ryan, R. M., Reeve, J., Sarrazin, P., & Bartholomew, K. J. (2019). Conceptualizing and testing a new tripartite measure of coach interpersonal behaviors. Psychology of Sport & Exercise, 44, 107-120. doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2019.05.006

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Ryan, R. M., & Bradshaw, E. L. (2019). Envisioning progress and perils: Musings on the future of motivation research in a rapidly evolving world. In R. M. Ryan, (pp. 527-532). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Ryan, R. M., Bradshaw, E. L., & Deci, E. L. (2019). A history of human motivation theories in psychology. In R. J. Sternberg & W. E. Pickren, (pp. 391-411). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

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Ryan, R. M., Bradshaw, E., & Deci, E. L. (2019). Motivation. In R. Sternberg & W. Pickren, The Cambridge handbook of the intellectual history of psychology (pp. 391-411). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/9781108290876.016

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Ryan, R. M., Ryan, W. S., Di Domenico, S. I., & Deci, E. L. (2019). The nature and the conditions of human autonomy and flourishing: Self-determination theory and basic psychological needs. In R. M. Ryan (Ed)., The Oxford handbook of human motivation (pp. 89-110). : Oxford University Press..

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2019). Research on intrinsic and extrinsic motivation is alive, well, and reshaping 21st-century management approaches: Brief reply to Locke and Schattke (2019). Motivation Science, 5(4), 291-294. doi: 10.1037/mot0000128

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Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2019). Supporting autonomy, competence, and relatedness: The coaching process from a self-determination theory perspective. In P. Brownell, S. English, & J. Sabatine (Eds.), Professional coaching: Principles and practice (pp. 231-246). New York, NY: Springer.

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Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2019). Brick by brick: The origins, development, and future of self-determination theory. In A. J. Elliot (Ed.), Advances In motivation science (Vol 6, pp. 111-156). Cambridge, MA.: Elsevier Inc.. doi: 10.1016/bs.adms.2019.01.001

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Ryan, R. M., Ryan, W. S., & Di Domenico, S. I. (2019). Effects of rewards on self-determination and intrinsic motivation: Revisiting Deci (1971). In P. J. Corr (Ed.), Revisiting the classic studies: Personality and individual differences (pp. 137-154). London, UK: Sage. doi:

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Di Domenico, S. I., Rodrigo, A. H., Dong, M., Fournier, M. A., Ayaz, H., Ryan, R. M., & Ruocco, A. C. (2019). doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-811926-6.00028-2

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Martela, F., Bradshaw, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2019). Expanding the map of intrinsic and extrinsic aspirations using network analysis and multidimensional scaling: Examining four new aspirations. Frontiers in Psychology doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02174

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Legate, N., Weinstein, N., Ryan, W. S., DeHaan, C. R., & Ryan, R. M. (2019). Parental autonomy support predicts lower internalized homophobia and better psychological health indirectly through lower shame in lesbian, gay and bisexual adults. Stigma and Health, 4(4), 367-76. doi: doi: 10.1037/sah0000150

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Ryan, W.S., & Ryan, R. M. (2019). Toward a Social Psychology of Authenticity: Exploring Within-Person Variation in Autonomy, Congruence, and Genuineness Using Self-Determination Theory. SAGE Journals, 23(1), 99-112. doi: 10.1037/gpr0000162

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Schultz, P., & Ryan, R. M. (2019). Cognitive and affective benefits of a mindful state in response to and in anticipation of pain. 10, 657–669. doi: 10.1007/s12671-018-1013-1

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Gillison, F., Rouse, P., Standage, M., Sebire, S., & Ryan, R. M. (2019). . In , A meta-analysis of techniques to promote motivation for health behaviour change from a self-determination theory perspective (Vol 13(1), pp. 110-130). : . doi: 10.1080/17437199.2018.1534071

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Wray-Lake, L., DeHaan, C. R., Shubert, J., & Ryan, R. M. (2019). Examining links from civic engagement to daily well-being from a self-determination theory perspective. Positive Psychology, 14(2), 166-177. doi: 10.1080/17439760.2017.1388432

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Roth, G., Vansteenkiste, M., & Ryan, R. M. (2019). Integrative emotion regulation: Process and development from a self-determination theory perspective. Development and Psychopathology, 31(3), 945-956. doi: 10.1017/S0954579419000403

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Roth, G., Vansteenkiste, M., & Ryan, R. M. (2019). Integrative emotion regulation: Process and development from a self-determination theory perspective. Development and Psychopathology, 31(3), 945-956. doi: 10.1017/S0954579419000403

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Ryan, R. M., Soenens, B., & Vansteenkiste, M. (2019). Reflections on self‐determination theory as an organizing framework for personality psychology: Interfaces, integrations, issues, and unfinished business. Journal of Personality, 87(1), 115-145. doi: 10.1111/jopy.12440

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Nguyen, T. T., Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2018). Solitude as an approach to affective self-regulation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 44(1), 92-106. doi: 10.1177/0146167217733073

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Adachi, P. J. C., Ryan, R. M., Frye, J.,, McClurg, D., & Rigby, C. S. (2018). “I can’t wait for the next episode!” Investigating the motivational pull of television dramas through the lens of self-determination theory. Motivation Science, 4(1), 78-94. doi: 10.1037/mot0000063

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Behzadnia, B., & Ryan, R. M. (2018). Eudaimonic and hedonic orientations in physical education and their relations with motivation and wellness. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 49(5), 363-385. doi: 10.7352/IJSP.2018.49.363

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Peters, D., Calvo, R. A., & Ryan, R. M. (2018). Designing for motivation, engagement and wellbeing in digital experience. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 797. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00797

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Quested, E., Thogersen-Ntoumani, C., Uren, H., Hardcastle, S. J., & Ryan, R. M. (2018). Community Gardening: Basic Psychological Needs as Mechanisms to Enhance Individual and Community Well-Being. Ecopsychology, 10(3) doi: 10.1089/eco.2018.0002

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Roth, G., Shahar, B.-H., Zohar-Shefer, Y., Benita, M., Moed, A., Bibi, U., Kanat-Maymon, Y., & Ryan, R. M. (2018). Benefits of emotional integration and costs of emotional distancing. Journal of Personality, 86(6), 919-934. doi: 10.1111/jopy.12366

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Bradshaw, E. L., Sahdra, B.K., Calvo, R. A., Mrvaljevich, A., & Ryan, R. M. (2018). Users’ intrinsic goals linked to alcohol dependence risk level and engagement with the health promotion website, Hello Sunday Morning: Observational study. Journal of Medical Internet Research: Mental Health, 5(4), 1-8. doi: 10.2196/10022

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Slemp, G., Kern, M. L., Patrick, K. J., & Ryan, R. M. (2018). Leader autonomy support in the workplace: A meta-analytic review. Motivation and Emotion, 42, 706-724. doi: 10.1007/s11031-018-9698-y

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Rigby, C. S., & Ryan, R. M. (2018). Self-determination theory in human resource development: New directions and practical considerations. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 20(2), 133-147. doi: 10.1177/1523422318756954

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Martela, F., Ryan, R. M., & Steger, M. F. (2018). Meaningfulness as satisfaction of autonomy, competence, relatedness, and beneficence: Comparing the four satisfactions and positive affect as predictors of meaning in life. Journal of Happiness Studies, 19(5), 1261-1282. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-017-9869-7

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Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2017). Basic psychological needs theory: Satisfaction and frustration of autonomy, competence, and relatedness in relation to psychological wellness and full functioning. In , Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness (pp. 239-271). : .

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Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2017). Causality orientations theory: Individual differences in, and priming of, motivational orientations. In , Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness (pp. 216-238). : . doi: 10.1521/978.14625/28806

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Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2017). . In , Parenting, autonomy, and well-being: Speaking plainly about parenting (pp. 348-350). New York, NY: Guilford.

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Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2017). Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness. New York: Guilford Publishing.

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Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2017). Cognitive evaluation theory, part 1: The effects of rewards, feedback, and other external events on intrinsic motivation. In , Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness (pp. 123-157). : Guilford Press. doi: 10.1521/978.14625/28806

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Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2017). Goal contents theory: Aspirations, life goals, and their varied consequences. In , Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness (pp. 272-292). : Guilford Press. doi: 10.1521/978.14625/28806

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Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2017). Organismic integration theory: Internalization and the differentiation of extrinsic motivation. In , Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness (pp. 179-215). : Guilford Press. doi: 10.1521/978.14625/28806

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Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2017). Relationships motivation theory: The self in close relationships. In , Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness (pp. 293-316). : Guilford Press.

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2017). Sport, physical activity, and physical education. In R. M. Ryan, & E. L. Deci., Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness (pp. 481-507). New York, NY: Guilford.

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Ryan, R. M., Di Domenico, S. I., Ryan, W. S., & Deci, E. L. (2017).

Chan, D., Webb, D., Ryan, R. M., Tang, T. C. W., Yang, S. X., Ntoumanis, N., & Hagger, M. S. (2017). Preventing occupational injury among police officers: Does motivation matter?. Occupational Medicine, 67(6), 435-441. doi: 10.1093/occmed/kqx076

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Legate, N., Ryan, R. M., & Rogge, R. D. (2017). Daily autonomy support and sexual identity disclosure predicts daily mental and physical health outcomes. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 43(6), 860-873. doi: 10.1177/0146167217700399

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Di Domenico, S. I., & Ryan, R. M. (2017). The emerging neuroscience of intrinsic motivation: A new frontier in self-determination research. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 11, 145. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00145

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Di Domenico, S. I., & Ryan, R. M. (2017). Commentary: Primary emotional systems and personality: An evolutionary perspective. Frontiers in Psychology, 8 doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01414

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Litalien, David, Morin, A. J. S., Gagné, M., Vallerand, R. J., Losier, G. F., & Ryan, R. M. (2017). Evidence of a continuum structure of academic self-determination: a two-study test using a bifactor-ESEM representation of academic motivation. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 51, 67-82. doi: 10.1016/j.cedpsych.2017.06.010

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Lewis, V., Ryan, R. M., Martina, C. A., McDermott, M. P., Chaudron, L., Trief, P. M., La Guardia, J. G., Sharp, D., Goodman, S. R., & Morse, G. D. (2017). . In , Mentoring interventions for underrepresented scholars in biomedical and behavioral sciences: Effects on quality of mentoring interactions and discussions (Vol 16(3), pp. ar44). : . doi: 10.1187/cbe.16-07-0215

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Oga-Baldwin, W. L. Q., Nakata, Y., & Ryan, R. M. (2017). Motivating young learners: A longitudinal model of self-determined motivation in elementary school foreign language classes. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 49, 140-150. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2017.01.010

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Deci, E. L., Olafsen, A. H., & Ryan, R. M. (2017). Self-determination theory in work organizations: The state of a science. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 4, 19-43. doi: 10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032516-113108

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Rigby, C. S., & Ryan, R. M. (2017). Time wellspent? Motivation for entertainment media and its eudaimonic aspects through the lens of Self-Determination Theory. In L. Reinecke & M. B. Oliver (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of media use and well-being: International perspectives on theory and research on positive media effects (pp. 34–48). New York, NY: Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group. doi: 10.4324/9781315714752.ch3

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Duineveld, J. J., Parker, P.D., Ryan, R. M., Ciarrochi, J., & Salmela-Aro, K. (2017). The link between perceived maternal and paternal autonomy support and adolescent well-being across three major educational transitions. Developmental Psychology, 53(10), 1978-1994. doi: 10.1037/dev0000364

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Brown, K. W., Goodman, R. J., Ryan, R. M., & Anālayo, B. (2016). Mindfulness enhances episodic memory performance: Evidence from a multimethod investigation. PLoS ONE, 11(4), e0153309. doi: 10.1371

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Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2016). Facilitating and hindering motivation, learning, and well-being in schools: Research and observations from self-determination theory. In K. R. Wentzel & D. B. Miele (Eds.), Handbook on motivation at schools (pp. 96-119). New York, NY: Routledge.

Early, D. M., Berg, J. K., Alicea, S., Si, Y., Aber, J. L., Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2016). . In , The impact of every classroom, every day on high school student achievement: Results from a school-randomized trial (Vol 9(1), pp. 3-29). : . doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19345747.2015.1055638

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Williams, G. C., Niemiec, C. P., Patrick, H., Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2016). . In , Outcomes of the Smoker’s Health Project: A pragmatic comparative effectiveness trial of tobacco-dependence interventions based on self-determination theory (Vol 31(6), pp. 749-759). : . doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/her/cyw046

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Ryan, R. M., & Di Domenico, S. I. (2016). Epilogue: Distinct motivations and their differentiated mechanisms: Reflections on the emerging neuroscience of human motivation. In S. Kim, J. Reeve, & M. Bong (Eds.), Recent developments in neuroscience research on human motivation: Advances in motivation and achievement (Vol 19, pp. 349-369). : Emerald Group Publishing. doi: 10.1108/S0749-742320160000019009

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Ryan, R. M., & Hawley, P. H. (2016). doi: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199328079.013.14

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Brown, K. W., Kasser, T., Ryan, R. M., & Konow, J. (2016). Materialism, spending, and affect: An event-sampling study of marketplace behavior and its affective costs. Journal of Happiness Studies, 17(6), 2277-2292. doi: 10.1007/s10902-015-9694-9

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Wang, C. K. J., Morin, A. J. S., Ryan, R. M., & Liu, W. C. (2016). Students’ motivational profiles in the physical education context. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 38(6), 612-630. doi: 10.1123/jsep.2016-0153

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Craven, R. G., Ryan, R. M., Mooney, J., Vallerand, R. J., Dillon, A., Blacklock, F., & Magson, N. (2016). Toward a positive psychology of indigenous thriving and reciprocal research partnership model. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 47, 32-43. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2016.04.003

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Ryan, R. M., & Martela, F. (2016). Eudaimonia as a way of living: Connecting Aristotle with self-determination theory. In J. Vittersø (Ed.), Handbook of eudaimonic well-being (pp. 109 - 122). New York, NY: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-42445-3_7

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Ryan, R. M. (2016). The empirical study of human autonomy using self-determination theory. In R. J. Sternberg , S. T. Fiske & D. J. Foss (Eds.), Scientists making a difference: One hundred eminent scientists talk about their most important contribution (pp. 311-315). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

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Donald, J. N., Atkins, P. W. B., Parker, P. D., Christie, A. M., & Ryan, R. M. (2016). Daily stress and the benefits of mindfulness: Examining the daily and longitudinal relations between present-moment awareness and stress responses. Journal of Research in Personality, 65, 30-37. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2016.09.002

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Martela, F., DeHaan, C. R., & Ryan, R. M. (2016). On enhancing and diminishing energy through psychological means: Research on vitality and depletion from self-determination theory. In In E. R. Hirt, J. J. Clarkson, & L. Jia (Eds.), Self-regulation and ego control (pp. 67-85). New York, NY: Elsevier.

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Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2016). Optimizing students’ motivation in the era of testing and pressure: A self-determination theory perspective. In J. Wang, C. W. Liu, & R. M. Ryan (Eds.), Building autonomous learners: Research and practical perspectives using self-determination theory (pp. 9-29). Singapore: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-981-287-630-0_2

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Stamp, K. D., Dunbar, S. B., Clark, P. C., Reilly, C. M., Gary, R., Higgins, M., & Ryan, R. M. (2016). . In , Family partner intervention influences self-care confidence and treatment self- regulation in patients with heart failure (Vol 15(5), pp. 317-327). : . doi: 10.1177/1474515115572047

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DeHaan, C. R., Hirai, T., & Ryan, R. M. (2016). Nussbaum’s capabilities and self-determination theory’s basic psychological needs: Relating some fundamentals of human wellness. Journal of Happiness, 5, 2037-2049. doi: 10.1007/s10902-015-9684-y

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Weinstein, N., Legate, N., Kumashiro, M., & Ryan, R. M. (2016). Autonomy support and diastolic blood pressure: Long term effects and conflict navigation in romantic relationships. Motivation and Emotion, 40(2), 212-225. doi: 10.1007/s11031-015-9526-6

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Wang, C. K. J., Ng, B. L. L., Liu, W. C., & Ryan, R. M. (2016). Can being autonomy-supportive in teaching improve students’ self-regulation and performance?. In W. C. Liu, J. C. K. Wang, & R. M. Ryan (Eds.), Building autonomous learners: Perspectives from research and practice using self-determination theory (pp. 227-243). New York, NY: Springer.

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Shah, K. N., Ryan, R. M., Majeed, Z., Yoruk, Y. B., Yang, H., Hilton, T. N., McMahon, J. M., Hall, W. J., Walck, D., & Luque, A. E. (2016). . In , Enhancing physical function in HIV-infected older adults: A randomized controlled clinical trial (Vol 35(6), pp. 563-573). : . doi: 10.1037/hea0000311

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Martela, F., & Ryan, R. M. (2016). The benefits of benevolence: Basic psychological needs, beneficence, and the enhancement of well-being. Journal of Personality, 84(6), 750-764. doi: 10.1111/jopy.12215

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Martela, F., & Ryan, R. M. (2016). Prosocial behavior increases well-being and vitality even without contact with the beneficiary: Causal and behavioral evidence. Motivation and Emotion, 40, 351-357. doi: 10.1007/s11031-016-9552-z

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Lewis, V., Martina, C. A., McDermott, M. P., Trief, P. M., Goodman, S. R., Morse, G. D., La Guardia, J. G., Sharp, D., & Ryan, R. M. (2016). . In , A randomized controlled trial of mentoring interventions for underrepresented minorities (Vol 91(7), pp. 994-1001). : . doi: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000001056

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Liu, W. C., Wang, C. K. J., & Ryan, R. M. (2016). Building autonomous learners: Perspectives from research and practice using self-determination theory. New York, NY: Springer.

Liu, W. C., Wang, C. K. J., & Ryan, R. M. (2016). Understanding motivation in education: Theoretical and practical considerations. In W. C. Liu, J. C. K. Wang, & R. M. Ryan (Eds.), Building autonomous learners: Perspectives from research and practice using self-determination theory (pp. 1-7). New York, NY: Springer.

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Ryan, R. M., Deci, E. L., & Vansteenkiste, M. (2016). Autonomy and autonomy disturbances in self-development and psychopathology: Research on motivation, attachment, and clinical process. In D. Cicchetti (Ed), Developmental psychopathology (Vol 1, pp. 385-438). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc.

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Marsden, K. E., Ma, W. J., Deci, E. L., Ryan, R. M., & Chiu, P. H. (2015). Diminished neural responses predict enhanced intrinsic motivation and sensitivity to external incentive. Cognitive, Affective, Behavioral Neuroscience, 15, 276-286. doi: 10.3758/s13415-014-0324-5

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, Matsumoto, M., Izuma, K, Sugiura, A., Ryan, R. M., Deci, E. L., & Matsumoto, K. (2015). How self-determined choice facilitates performance: A key role of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Cerebral Cortex, 25, 1241-1251. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bht317

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Visser, P. L., Hirsch, J. K., Brown, K. W., Ryan, R. M., & Moynihan, J. A. (2015). Components of sleep quality as mediators of the relation between mindfulness and subjective vitality among older adults. Mindfulness, 6, 723-731. doi: 10.1007/s12671-014-0311-5

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Deci, E. L., Ryan, R. M., Schultz, P., & Niemiec, C. P. (2015). Being aware and functioning fully: Mindfulness and interest-taking within self-determination theory. In K. W. Brown, J. D. Creswell & R. M. Ryan, Handbook of mindfulness: Theory, research, and practice.New York, NY: Guilford Press.

Ryan, R. M., & Rigby, C. S. (2015). Did the Buddha have a self? No-self, self, and mindfulness in Buddhist thought and Western psychology. In K. W. Brown, J. David Creswell & R. M. Ryan (Eds.), Handbook of mindfulness: Theory, research, and practice (pp. 245-265). New York, NY: Guilford Publications.

Legate, N., DeHaan, C. R., & Ryan, R. M. (2015). Righting the wrong: Reparative coping after going along with ostracism. The Journal of Social Psychology, 155, 471-482. doi: 10.1080/00224545.2015.1062352

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Schultz, P., & Ryan, R. M. (2015). The "why," "what," and "how" of healthy self-regulation: Mindfulness and well-being from a self-determination theory perspective. In B. D. Ostafin, M. D. Robinson & B. P. Meier (Eds.), Handbook of mindfulness and self-regulation (pp. 81-94). New York, NY: Springer Science + Business Media.

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Schultz, P., Ryan, R. M., Niemiec, C. P., Legate, N., & Williams, G. C. (2015). Mindfulness, work climate, and psychological need satisfaction in employee well-being. Mindfulness, 6, 971-985. doi: 10.1007/s12671-014-0338-7

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Chen, B., et al., Vansteenkiste, M., Beyers, W., Boone, L., Deci, E. L., Van der Kaap-Deeder, J., Matos, L., Ryan, R. M., Sheldon, K. M., & Soenens, B. (2015). Basic psychological need satisfaction, need frustration, and need strength across four cultures. Motivation and Emotion, 39, 216-236. doi: 10.1007/s11031-014-9450-1

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Baldassarre, G., Stafford, T., Mirolli, M., Redgrave, P., Ryan, R. M., & Barto, A. (2014). Intrinsic motivations and open-ended development in animals, humans, and robots: an overview. Frontiers in psychology, 5, 985. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00985

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Nie, Y., Chua, B. L., Yeung, A. S., Ryan, R. M., & Chan, W. Y. (2014). The importance of autonomy support and the mediating role of work motivation for well-being: Testing self-determination theory in a Chinese work organisation. International Journal of Psychology, 50, 245-255. doi: 10.1002/ijop.12110

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Kasser, T., Dungan, N., Rosenblum, K. L., Sameroff, A. J., Deci, E. L., Niemiec, C. P., Ryan, R. M., Osp, A., Bond, R., & Dittmar, H. (2014). . In , Changes in materialism, changes in psychological well-being: Evidence from three longitudinal studies and an intervention experiment (Vol 38, pp. 1-22). : . doi: 10.1007/s11031-013-9371-4

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DeHaan, C. R., & Ryan, R. M. (2014). Symptoms of wellness: Happiness and eudaimonia from a self-determination perspective. In K. M. Sheldon, & R. E. Lucus (Eds.), Stability of happiness: Theories and evidence on whether happiness can change (pp. 37-55). Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier. doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-411478-4.00003-5

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Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2014). doi: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199794911.013.003

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Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2014). Autonomy and need satisfaction in close relationships: Relationships motivation theory. In N. Weinstein (Ed.), Human motivation and interpersonal relationships: Theory, research, and applications (pp. 53-73). Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-94-017-8542-6_3

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Przybylski, A. K., Deci, E. L., Rigby, C. S., & Ryan, R. M. (2014). Competence-impeding electronic games and players’ aggressive feelings, thoughts, and behaviors. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 106, 441-457. doi: 10.1037/a0034820

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Rigby, C. S., Schultz, P., & Ryan, R. M. (2014). Mindfulness, interest-taking, and self-regulation: A self-determination theory perspective on the role of awareness in optimal functioning. In A. Ie, C. T. Ngnoumen, & E. Langer (Eds.), Handbook of Mindfulness (pp. 216-235). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.

Ryan, R. M., & Schultz, P. (2014). What Teachers Need: A Self-determination Theory Perspective on Supporting Engaged and Effective Educators. In In Oon-Seng Tan & Woon-Chia Liu (Eds.), What Teachers Need: A Self-determination Theory Perspective on Supporting Engaged and Effective EducatorsSingapore: Cengage Learning Asia Pte Ltd.

Ryan, R. M., Curren, R. R., & Deci, E. L. (2013). What humans need: Flourishing in Aristotelian philosophy and self-determination theory. In A. S. Waterman (Eds.), The best within us: Positive psychology perspectives on eudaimonia (pp. 57-75). Washington, WA: American Psychological Association. doi: 10.1037/14092-004

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Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2013). Toward a social psychology of assimilation: Self-determination theory in cognitive development and education. In B. W. Sokol, F. M. E. Grouzet, U. Muller (Eds.), Self-regulation and autonomy: Social and developmental dimensions of human conduct (pp. 191-207). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/cbo9781139152198.014

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Deci, E. L., Ryan, R. M., & Guay, F. (2013). Self-determination theory and actualization of human potential. In D. McInerney, H. Marsh, R. Craven, & F. Guay (Eds.), Theory driving research: New wave perspectives on self processes and human development (pp. 109-133). Charlotte, NC: Information Age Press.

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2013). The importance of autonomy for development and well-being. In B. W. Sokol, F. M. E. Grouzet, U. Muller (Eds.), Self-regulation and autonomy: Social and developmental dimensions of human conduct (pp. 19-46). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.

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Niemiec, C. P., & Ryan, R. M. (2013).

Weinstein, N., Przybylski, A. K., & Ryan, R. M. (2013). The integrative process: New research and future directions. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 22, 69-74. doi: 10.1177/0963721412468001

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Vansteenkiste, M., & Ryan, R. M. (2013). On psychological growth and vulnerability: Basic psychological need satisfaction and need frustration as a unifying principle. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 23, 263–280. doi: 10.1037/a0032359

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Legate, N., DeHaan, C. R., Weinstein, N., & Ryan, R. M. (2013). Hurting you hurts me too: The psychological costs of complying with ostracism. Psychological Science, 24, 583-588. doi: 10.1177/0956797612457951

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Ryan, R. M., Legate, N., Niemiec, C. P., & Deci, E. L. (2012). doi: 10.1037/13748-012

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Weinstein, N., Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2012). Motivation, meaning and wellness: A self-determination perspective on the creation and internalization of personal meanings and life goals. In P. T. P. Wang (Ed.), The human quest for meaning: Theories, research, and applications (pp. 81-106). New York: Routledge Publishers. doi: 10.4324/9780203146286

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Ryan, R. M., & Legate, N. (2012).

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Ryan, R. M. (2012).

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Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2012). Self-determination theory in health care and its relations to motivational interviewing: a few comments. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 9, 1-6. doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-9-24

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Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2012). Self-determination theory. In P. A. M. Van Lange, A. W. Kruglanski, & E. T. Higgins (Eds.), Handbook of theories of social psychology: Vol. 1 (pp. 416-437). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. doi: 10.4135/9781446201022

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Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2012). Motivation, personality, and development within embedded social contexts: An overview of self-determination theory. In R. M. Ryan (Ed.), Oxford handbook of human motivation (pp. 85-107). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. doi: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195399820.001.0001

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Sarrazin, P., Pelletier, L. G., Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2012).

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Weinstein, N., Ryan, W. S., DeHaan, C. R., Przybylski, A. K., Legate, N., & Ryan, R. M. (2012). Parental autonomy support and discrepancies between implicit and explicit sexual identities: Dynamics of self-acceptance and defense. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 102, 815–832. doi: 10.1037/a0026854

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Przybylski, A. K., Weinstein, N., , Lynch, M. F., & Ryan, R. M. (2012). The ideal self at play: The appeal of video games that let you be all you can be. Psychological Science, 23, 69–76. doi: 10.1177/0956797611418676

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Weinstein, N., Przybylski, A. K., & Ryan, R. M. (2012). The index of autonomous functioning: Development of a scale of human autonomy. Journal of Research in Personality, 46, 397-413. doi: 10.1016/j.jrp.2012.03.007

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Teixeira, P. J., Carraça, E. V., Markland, D. A., Silva, M. N., & Ryan, R. M. (2012). Exercise, physical activity, and self-determination theory: A systematic review [Electronic version]. Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 9, 78. doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-9-78

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Standage, M., & Ryan, R. M. (2012). Self-determination theory and exercise motivation: Facilitating self-regulatory processes to support and maintain health and well-being. In G. C. Roberts & D. C. Treasure (Eds.), Advances in motivation in sport and exercise (pp. 233-270). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.

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Legate, N., Ryan, R. M., & Weinstein, N. (2012). Is coming out always a ‘‘good thing’’? Exploring the relations of autonomy support, outness, and wellness for lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 3, 145-152. doi: 10.1177/1948550611411929

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Ng, J. Y. Y., Ntoumanis, N., Thogersen-Ntoumani, C., Deci, E. L., Ryan, R. M., Duda, J. L., & Williams, G. C. (2012). Self-determination theory applied to health contexts: A meta-analysis. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 7, 325-340. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1745691612447309

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Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2011). Multiple identities within a single self: A self-determination theory perspective on internalization within contexts and cultures. In M. R. Leary & J. P. Tangney (Eds.), Handbook of self & identity (pp. 253-274). New York: The Guilford Press.

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2011). A self-determination theory perspective on social, institutional, cultural, and economic supports for autonomy and their importance for well-being. In V. I. Chirkov, R. M. Ryan & K. M. Sheldon (Eds.), Human autonomy in cross-cultural context: Perspectives on the psychology of agency, freedom, and well-being (pp. 45-64). Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer.

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Ryan, R. M., Lynch, M. F., Vansteenkiste, M., & Deci, E. L. (2011). Motivation and autonomy in counseling, psychotherapy, and behavior change: A look at theory and practice. The Counseling Psychologist, 39, 193-260. doi:

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Williams, G. C., Patrick, H., Niemiec, C. P., Ryan, R. M., Deci, E. L., & McGregor, H. A. (2011). . In , The smoker’s health project: A self-determination theory intervention to facilitate maintenance of tobacco abstinence (Vol 32, pp. 535-543). : . doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2011.03.002

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Weinstein, N., Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2011). Motivational determinants of integrating positive and negative past identities. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100(3), 527-544. doi: 10.1037/a0022150

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Rigby, C. S., & Ryan, R. M. (2011). Glued to games: How video games draw us in and hold us spellbound. Santa Barbara, California: Praeger.

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Sheldon, K. M., & Ryan, R. M. (2011). Positive psychology and self-determination theory: A natural interface. In V. I. Chirkov, R. M. Ryan & K. M. Sheldon (Eds.), Human autonomy in cross-cultural context: Perspectives on the psychology of agency, freedom, and well-being (pp. 33-44). Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer.

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Chirkov, V. I., Sheldon, K. M., & Ryan, R. M. (2011). The struggle for happiness and autonomy in cultural and personal contexts: An overview. In V. I. Chirkov, R. M. Ryan & K. M. Sheldon (Eds.), Human autonomy in cultural contexts: Perspectives on the psychology of agency, freedom, and well-being (pp. 1-30). Dordrecht: Springer.

Weinstein, N., & Ryan, R. M. (2011). A self-determination theory approach to understanding stress incursion and responses. Stress and Health, 27, 4-17. doi: 10.1002/smi.1368

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Chirkov, V. I., Ryan, R. M., & Sheldon, K. M. (2011). Human autonomy in cross-cultural contexts: Perspectives on the psychology of agency, freedom, and well-being. Dordrecht: Springer.

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Bartholomew, K. J., Ntoumanis, N., Ryan, R. M., & Thogersen-Ntoumani, C. (2011). Psychological need thwarting in the sport context: Assessing the darker sides of athletic experience. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 33, 75-102.

Brown, K. W., Ryan, R. M., Loverich, T.M., Biegel, G.M., & West, A.M. (2011). . In , Out of the armchair and into the streets: Measuring mindfulness advances knowledge and improves interventions: Reply to Grossman (Vol 23, pp. 1041-1046). : .

Ryan, R. M., Bernstein, J. H., & Brown, K. W. (2010). Weekends, work, and well-being: Psychological need satisfactions and day of the week effects on mood, vitality, and physical symptoms. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 29, 95-122. doi: 10.1521/jscp.2010.29.1.95

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Niemiec, C. P., Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2010). Self-determination theory and the relation of autonomy to self-regulatory processes and personality development. In R. H. Hoyle (Ed.), Handbook of personality and self-regulation (pp. 169-191). Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.

Ryan, R. M., Weinstein, N., Bernstein, J. H., Brown, K. W., Mistretta, L., & Gagné, M. (2010). Vitalizing effects of being outdoors and in nature. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 30, 159-168.

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Lynch, M. F., Vansteenkiste, M., Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2010). Autonomy as process and outcome: Revisiting cultural and practical issues in motivation for counseling. The Counseling Psychologist, 39(2), 286-302. doi: DOI: 10.1177/0011000010388424

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Weinstein, N., Hodgins, H. S., & Ryan, R. M. (2010). Autonomy and control in dyads: Effects on interaction quality and joint creative performance. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 36, 1603-1617.

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Huta, V., & Ryan, R. M. (2010). Pursuing pleasure or virtue: The differential and overlapping well-being benefits of hedonic and eudaimonic motives. Journal of Happiness Studies, 11, 735-762.

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Niemiec, C. P., Brown, K. W., Kashdan, T. B., Cozzolino, P. J., Breen, W. E., Levesque, C. S., & Ryan, R. M. (2010). Being present in the face of existential threat: The role of trait mindfulness in reducing defensive responses to mortality salience. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 99, 344-365.

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Przybylski, A. K., Rigby, C. S., & Ryan, R. M. (2010). A motivational model of video game engagement. Review of General Psychology, 14, 154-166. doi: 10.1037/a0019440

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Weinstein, N., & Ryan, R. M. (2010). When helping helps: Autonomous motivation for prosocial behavior and its influence on well-being for the helper and recipient. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 98, 222-244. doi: 10.1037/a0016984

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Niemiec, C. P., Ryan, R. M., Patrick, H., Deci, E. L., & Williams, G. C. (2010). The energization of health-behavior change: Examining the associations among autonomous self-regulation, subjective vitality, depressive symptoms, and tobacco abstinence. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 5, 122-138. doi: 10.1080/17439760903569162

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Ryan, R. M., Williams, G. C., Patrick, H., & Deci, E. L. (2009). Self-determination theory and physical activity: The dynamics of motivation in development and wellness. Hellenic Journal of Psychology, 6, 107-124.

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Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2009). Promoting self-determined school engagement: Motivation, learning, and well-being. In K. R. Wentzel & A. Wigfield (Eds.), Handbook on motivation at school (pp. 171-196). New York, NY: Routledge.

Niemiec, C. P., Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2009). The path taken: Consequences of attaining intrinsic and extrinsic aspirations in post-college life. Journal of Research in Personality, 43, 291-306. doi: 10.1016/j.jrp.2008.09.001

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Roth, G., Assor, A., Niemiec, C. P., Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2009). The emotional and academic consequences of parental conditional regard: Comparing conditional positive regard, conditional negative regard, and autonomy support as parenting practices. Developmental Psychology, 45(4), 1119–1142. doi: 10.1037/a0015272

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Williams, G. C., Niemiec, C. P., Patrick, H., Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2009). . In , The importance of supporting autonomy and perceived competence in facilitating long-term tobacco abstinence (Vol 37, pp. 315-324). : . doi: 10.1007/s12160-009-9090-y

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Ryan, R. M., & Huta, V. (2009). Wellness as healthy functioning or wellness as happiness: the importance of eudaimonic thinking (response to the Kashdan et al. and Waterman discussion). The Journal of Positive Psychology, 4, 202-204.

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Jang, H., Reeve, J., Ryan, R. M., & Kim, A. (2009). Can self-determination theory explain what underlies the productive, satisfying learning experiences of collectivistically oriented Korean students?. Journal of Educational Psychology, 101, 644-661.

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Ryan, R. M., & Niemiec, C. P. (2009). Self-determination theory in schools of education: Can an empirically supported framework also be critical and liberating?. Theory and Research in Education, 7, 263-272.

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Brown, K. W., Kasser, T., Ryan, R. M., Linley, P. A., & Orzech, K. (2009). When what one has is enough: Mindfulness, financial desire discrepancy, and subjective well-being. Journal of Research in Personality, 43, 727-736. doi: 10.1016/j.jrp.2009.07.002

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Przybylski, A. K., Ryan, R. M., & Rigby, C. S. (2009). The motivating role of violence in video games. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 35, 243-259.

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Weinstein, N., Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2009). A multi-method examination of the effects of mindfulness on stress attribution, coping, and emotional well-being. Journal of Research in Personality, 43, 374-385.

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Stone, D., Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2009). Beyond talk: Creating autonomous motivation through self-determination theory. Journal of General Management, 34, 75-91.

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Lynch, M. F., La Guardia, J. G., & Ryan, R. M. (2009). On being yourself in different cultures: Ideal and actual self-concept, autonomy support, and well-being in China, Russia, and the United States. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 4, 290-304.

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Niemiec, C. P., & Ryan, R. M. (2009). Autonomy, competence, and relatedness in the classroom: Applying self-determination theory to educational practice. Theory and Research in Education, 7(2), 133-144. doi: 10.1177/1477878509104318

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Niemiec, C. P., & Ryan, R. M. (2009). Autonomi, kompetence og indbyrdes relationer i klasseværelset: Anvendelse af selvbestemmelsesteori i undervisningspraksis. Kognition & Pædagogik, 74, 20-31.

Weinstein, N., Przybylski, A. K., & Ryan, R. M. (2009). Can nature make us more caring? Effects of immersion in nature on intrinsic aspirations and generosity. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 35, 1315-1329.

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Ryan, R. M., & Weinstein, N. (2009). Undermining quality teaching and learning: A self-determination theory perspective on high-stakes testing. Theory and Research in Education, 7(2), 224-233. doi: 10.1177/1477878509104327

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Niemiec, C. P., Ryan, R. M., Deci, E. L., & Williams, G. C. (2009). Aspiring to physical health: The role of aspirations for physical health in facilitating long-term tobacco abstinence. Patient Education and Counseling, 74, 250-257.

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Niemiec, C. P., Ryan, R. M., & Brown, K. W. (2008). The role of awareness and autonomy in quieting the ego: A self-determination theory perspective. In H. A. Wayment & J. J. Bauer (Eds.), Transcending self-interest: Psychological explorations of the quiet ego (pp. 107-115). Washington, DC: APA Books.

Ryan, R. M., Huta, V., & Deci, E. L. (2008). Living well: A self-determination theory perspective on eudaimonia. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9, 139-170.

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Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2008). Self-determination theory and the role of basic psychological needs in personality and the organization of behavior. In O. P. John, R. W. Robbins, & L. A. Pervin (Eds.), Handbook of Personality: Theory and Research (pp. 654-678). New York: The Guilford Press.

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2008). A self-determination approach to psychotherapy: The motivational basis for effective change. Canadian Psychology, 49, 186-193.

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Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2008). From ego-depletion to vitality: Theory and findings concerning the facilitation of energy available to the self. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2, 702-717.

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Vansteenkiste, M., Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2008). Self-determination theory and the explanatory role of psychological needs in human well-being. In L. Bruni, F. Comim, & M. Pugno (Eds.), Capabilities and happiness (pp. 187-223). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

Brown, K. W., Ryan, R. M., Creswell, J. D., & Niemiec, C. P. (2008). Beyond me: Mindful responses to social threat. In H. A. Wayment & J. J. Bauer (Eds.), Transcending self-interest: Psychological explorations of the quiet ego (pp. 75-84). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

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Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2008). Facilitating optimal motivation and psychological well-being across life’s domains. Canadian Psychology, 49, 14-23. doi: 10.1037/0708-5591.49.1.14

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Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2008). Hedonia, eudaimonia, and well-being: An introduction. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9, 1-11.

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Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2008). Self-determination theory: A macrotheory of human motivation, development and health. Canadian Psychology, 49, 182-185. doi: 10.1037/a0012801

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Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2008). Favoriser la motivation optimale et la santé mentale dans les divers milieux de vie. Canadian Psychology, 49, 14-23.

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Tsai, Y., Kunter, M., Lüdtke, O., Trautwein, U., & Ryan, R. M. (2008). What makes lessons interesting? The role of situational and individual factors in three school subjects. Journal of Educational Psychology, 100, 460-472.

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Ryan, R. M., Patrick, H., Deci, E. L., & Williams, G. C. (2008). . In , Facilitating health behaviour change and its maintenance: Interventions based on self-determination theory (Vol 10, pp. 2-5). : .

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Ryan, R. M., Brown, K. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2007). How integrative is attachment theory? Unpacking the meaning and significance of felt security. Psychological Inquiry, 18, 177-182.

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Brown, K. W., Ryan, R. M., & Creswell, J. D. (2007). Mindfulness: Theoretical foundations and evidence for its salutary effects. Psychological Inquiry, 18, 211-237.

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Brown, K. W., Ryan, R. M., & Creswell, J. D. (2007). Addressing fundamental questions about mindfulness. Psychological Inquiry, 18, 272-281.

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Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2007). Active human nature: Self-determination theory and the promotion and maintenance of sport, exercise, and health. In M. S. Hagger & N. L. D. Chatzisarantis (Eds.), Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in exercise and sport (pp. 1-19). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.

Reeve, J., Ryan, R. M., Deci, E. L., & Jang, H. (2007). Understanding and promoting autonomous self-regulation: A self-determination theory perspective. In D. Schunk & B. Zimmerman (Eds.), Motivation and self-regulated learning: Theory, research, and application (pp. 223-244). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.

Soenens, B., Vansteenkiste, M., Lens, W., Luyckx, K., Beyers, W., Goossens, L., & Ryan, R. M. (2007). Conceptualizing parental autonomy support: Adolescent perceptions of promoting independence versus promoting volitional functioning. Developmental Psychology, 43(3), 633-646. doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.43.3.633

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Kasser, T., Cohn, S., Kanner, A. D., & Ryan, R. M. (2007). Some costs of American corporate capitalism: A psychological exploration of value and goal conflicts. Psychological Inquiry, 18, 1-22. doi: 10.1080/10478400701386579

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La Guardia, J. G., & Ryan, R. M. (2007). Why identities fluctuate: Variability in traits as a function of situational variations in autonomy support. Journal of Personality, 75, 1205-1228.

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Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2006). Self-regulation and the problem of human autonomy: Does psychology need choice, self-determiniation, and will?. Journal of Personality, 74, 1557-1586. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2006.00420.x

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Williams, G. C., McGregor, H. A., Sharp, D., Levesque, C. S., Kouides, R. W., Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2006). . In , Testing a self-determination theory intervention for motivating tobacco cessation: Supporting autonomy and competence in a clinical trial (Vol 25(1), pp. 91-101). : . doi: 10.1037/0278-6133.25.1.91

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Williams, G. C., McGregor, H. A., Sharp, D., Kouides, R. W., Levesque, C. S., Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2006). . In , A self-determination multiple risk intervention trial to improve smokers’ health (Vol 21, pp. 1288-1294). : .

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Moller, A. C., Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2006). Self-determination theory and public policy: Improving the quality of consumer decisions without using coercion. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 25, 104-116.

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Ryan, R. M., Deci, E. L., Grolnick, W. S., & La Guardia, J. G. (2006). The significance of autonomy and autonomy support in psychological development and psychopathology. In D. Cicchetti & D. J. Cohen (Eds.), Developmental psychopathology: Theory and method (Vol 1, pp. 795-849). New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc..

Ryan, R. M., Rigby, C. S., & Przybylski, A. K. (2006). Motivational pull of video games: A self-determination theory approach. Motivation and Emotion, 30, 347-365. doi: 10.1007/s11031-006-9051-8

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Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2006). doi: 10.1093/oso/9780195172188.003.0037

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Wild, T. C., Cunningham, J. A., & Ryan, R. M. (2006). Social pressure, coercion, and client engagement at treatment entry: A self-determination theory perspective. Addictive Behaviors, 31, 1858-1872.

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Niemiec, C. P., Lynch, M. F., Vansteenkiste, M., Bernstein, J., Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2006). The antecedents and consequences of autonomous self-regulation for college: A self-determination theory perspective on socialization. Journal of Adolescence, 29, 761-775.

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Moller, A. C., Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2006). Choice and ego-depletion: The moderating role of autonomy. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 1024-1036. doi: 10.1177/0146167206288008

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Deci, E. L., La Guardia, J. G., Moller, A. C., Scheiner, M. J., & Ryan, R. M. (2006). On the benefits of giving as well as receiving autonomy support: Mutuality in close friendships. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 313-327.

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Evren, C., Saatçioglu, O., Dalbudak, E., Danismant, B., Çakmak, D., & Ryan, R. M. (2006). Factorial structure and reliability and validity of Turkish version treatment motivation questionnaire (TMQ) in alcohol dependents. Journal of Dependence, 7, 117-122.

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Ryan, R. M., & Brown, K. W. (2005). Legislating competence: The motivational impact of high stakes testing as an educational reform. In A. E. Elliot & C. Dweck (Eds.), Handbook of competence and motivation (Vol 1st Edition, pp. 354-374). New York: Guilford Press.

Ryan, R. M., La Guardia, J. G., Solky-Butzel, J., Chirkov, V. I., & Kim, Y. (2005). On the interpersonal regulation of emotions: Emotional reliance across gender, relationships, and culture. Personal Relationships, 12, 146-163.

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Ryan, R. M., La Guardia, J. G., & Rawsthorne, L. J. (2005). Self-complexity and the authenticity of self-aspects: Effects on well being and resilience to stressful events. North American Journal of Psychology, 3, 431-447.

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Markland, D., Ryan, R. M., Tobin, V. J., & Rollnick, S. (2005). Motivational interviewing and self-determination theory. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 24, 811-831.

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Ryan, R. M. (2005). The developmental line of autonomy in the etiology, dynamics, and treatment of borderline personality disorders. Development and Psychopathology, 17(4), 987-1006. doi: 10.1017/S0954579405050467

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Lynch, M. F., Plant, R. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2005). Psychological needs and threat to safety: Implications for staff and patients in a psychiatric hospital for youth. Professional Psychology, 36, 415-425.

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Grouzet, F. M., Sheldon, K. M., Kasser, T., Ahuvia, A., Dols, J. M. F., Kim, Y., Lau, S., Ryan, R. M., Saunders, S., & Schmuck, P. (2005). The structure of goals across 15 cultures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89, 800-816.

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Chirkov, V. I., Ryan, R. M., & Willness, C. (2005). Cultural context and psychological needs in Canada and Brazil: Testing a self-determination approach to the internalization of cultural practices, identity, and well-being. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 36, 423-443.

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Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2004). Avoiding death or engaging life as accounts of meaning and culture: A comment on Pyszczynski, Greenberg, Solomon, Arndt, and Schimel. Psychological Bulletin, 130, 473-477.

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Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2004). Autonomy is no illusion: Self-determination theory and the empirical study of authenticity, awareness, and will. In J. Greenberg, S. L. Koole, & T. Pyszczynski (Eds.), Handbook of experimental existential psychology (pp. 449-479). New York: Guilford Press.

Zeldman, A., Ryan, R. M., & Fiscella, K. (2004). Motivation, autonomy support and entity beliefs: Their role in methadone maintenance treatment. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 23(5), 675-696. doi: 10.1521/jscp.23.5.675.50744

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Zeldman, A., Ryan, R. M., & Fiscella, K. (2004). Motivation, Autonomy Support, and Entity Beliefs: Their role in methadone maintenance treatment. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 23(5), 675-696. doi: 10.1521/jscp.23.5.675.50744

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Sheldon, K. M., Ryan, R. M., Deci, E. L., & Kasser, T. (2004). The independent effects of goal contents and motives on well-being: It's both what you pursue and why you pursue it. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30, 475-486.

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Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2004). Fostering healthy self-regulation from within and without: A Self-determination theory perspective. In A. P. Linley & S. Joseph (Eds.), Positive psychology in practice (pp. 105-124). New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc..

Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2004). Perils and promise in defining and measuring mindfulness: Observations from experience. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 11, 242-248.

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Baard, P. P., Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2004). Intrinsic need satisfaction: A motivational basis of performance and well-being in two work settings. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 34(10), 2045-2068. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2004.tb02690.x

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Reeve, J., Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2004). Self-determination theory: A dialectical framework for understanding socio-cultural influences on student motivation. In D. M. McInerney & S. Van Etten (Eds.), Big theories revisited (pp. 31-60). Greenwich, CT: Information Age Press.

Lynch, M. F., & Ryan, R. M. (2004). On being yourself: Consistency versus authenticity of self-concept in cultural and interpersonal contexts. In H. W. Marsh, J. Baumert, G. E. Richards, & U. Trautwein (Eds)., Self-concept, motivation and identity: Where to from here? Proceedings of the third international biennial SELF research conference, in BerlinSydney, Australia: SELF Research Centre, University Of Western Sydney.

Levesque, C. S., Zuehlke, N., Stanek, L., & Ryan, R. M. (2004). Autonomy and competence in German and U.S. university students: A comparative study based on self-determination theory. Journal of Educational Psychology, 96, 68-84.

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Kasser, T., Ryan, R. M., Couchman, C.E., & Sheldon, K. M. (2004). . In T. Kasser & A.D. Kanner, (pp. 11-28). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

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Sheldon, K. M., Elliot, A. J., Ryan, R. M., Chirkov, V. I., Kim, Y., Wu, C., Demir, M., & Sun, Z. (2004). Self-concordance and subjective well-being in four cultures. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 35, 209-223.

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Gagné, M., Ryan, R. M., & Bargmann, K. (2003). Autonomy support and need satisfaction in the motivation and well-being of gymnasts. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 15, 372-390. doi: 10.1080/714044203

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Ryan, R. M., & Brown, K. W. (2003). Why we don't need self-esteem: On fundamental needs, contingent love, and mindfulness. Psychological Inquiry, 14, 71-76.

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Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2003). On assimilating identities to the self: A self-determination theory perspective on internalization and integrity within cultures. In M. R. Leary & J. P. Tangney (Eds.), Handbook on self & identity (pp. 253-274). New York: The Guilford Press.

Chirkov, V. I., Ryan, R. M., Kim, Y., & Kaplan, U. (2003). Differentiating autonomy from individualism and independence: A self-determination theory perspective on internalization of cultural orientations and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 97-110.

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Shahar, G., Henrich, C. C., Blatt, S. J., Ryan, R. M., & Little, T. D. (2003). Interpersonal relatedness, self-definition, and motivational orientation during adolescence: A theoretical and empirical investigation. Developmental Psychology, 39, 470-483.

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Ryan, R. M., & Lynch, M. F. (2003). Motivation and classroom management. In R. Curren (Ed.), A companion to the philosophy of education (pp. 260-271). Oxford: Blackwell.

Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 822-848.

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Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2002). An overview of self-determination theory. In E. L. Deci & R. M. Ryan (Eds.), Handbook of self-determination research (pp. 3-33). Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press.

Williams, G. C., Minicucci, D. S., Kouides, R. W., Levesque, C. S., Chirkov, V. I., Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2002). Self-determination, smoking, diet and health. Health Education Research, 17, 512-521.

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Williams, G. C., Gagné, M., Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2002). Facilitating autonomous motivation for smoking cessation. Health Psychology, 21, 40-50. doi: 10.1037//0278-6133.21.1.40

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Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2002). The paradox of achievement: The harder you push, the worse it gets. In J. Aronson (Ed.), Improving academic achievement: Impact of Psychological Factors on Education (pp. 61-87). San Diego: Academic Press.

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2002). Handbook of self-determination research. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press.

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Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2002). Self-determination research: Reflections and future directions. In E. L. Deci & R. M. Ryan (Eds.), Handbook of self-determination research (pp. 431-441). Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press.

Krapp, A., & Ryan, R. M. (2002). Selbstwirksamkeit und lernmotivation. Eine kritische betrachtung der theorie von Bandura aus der sicht der selbstbestimmungstheorie und der pädagogisch-psychologischen interessentheorie. In M. Jerusalem & D. Hopf (Eds.), Lernwirksame schulen (pp. 54-82). Weinheim: Beltz (Beiheft Zur Zeitschrift Für Pädagogik).

La Guardia, J. G., & Ryan, R. M. (2002). What adolescents need: A self-determination theory perspective on development within families, school and society. In F. Pajares & T. Urdan (Eds.), Academic motivation of adolescentsGreenwich CT: IAP.

La Guardia, J. G., & Ryan, R. M. (2002). A self-determination theory perspective on development within families, school, and society. In , Academic motivation of adolescents (pp. 193-219). : Information Age Publishing.

Shields, A., Ryan, R. M., & Cicchetti, D. (2001). Narrative representations of caregivers and emotion dysregulation as predictors of maltreated children's rejection by peers. Developmental Psychology, 37, 321-337.

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Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2001). On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. In S. Fiske (Ed), Annual review of psychology (Vol 52, pp. 141-166). Palo Alto, CA: Annual Reviews, Inc. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.141

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Deci, E. L., Ryan, R. M., Gagné, M., Leone, D. R., Usunov, J., & Kornazheva, B. P. (2001). Need satisfaction, motivation, and well-being in the work organizations of a former Eastern Bloc country. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27(8), 930-942. doi: 10.1177/0146167201278002

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Chirkov, V. I., & Ryan, R. M. (2001). Parent and teacher autonomy-support in Russian and U.S. adolescents: Common effects on well-being and academic motivation. Journal of Cross Cultural Psychology, 32, 618-635.

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Kasser, T., & Ryan, R. M. (2001). Be careful what you wish for: Optimal functioning and the relative attainment of intrinsic and extrinsic goals. In Peter Schmuck & Kennon M. Sheldon, (pp. 116-131). Gottingen: Hogrefe & Huber Publishers.

Deci, E. L., Koestner, R., & Ryan, R. M. (2001). Extrinsic rewards and intrinsic motivation in education: Reconsidered once again. Review of Educational Research., 71(1), 1-27. doi: 10.3102/00346543071001001

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La Guardia, J. G., Ryan, R. M., Couchman, C. E., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Within-person variation in security of attachment: A self-determination theory perspective on attachment, need fulfillment, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79(3), 367-384. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.79.3.367

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Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68-78. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68

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Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). The darker and brighter sides of human existence: Basic psychological needs as a unifying concept. Psychological Inquiry, 11, 319-338.

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Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). La teoría de la autodeterminación y la facilitación de la motivación intrínseca, el desarrollo social, y el bienestar. Spanish translation of article appearing in American Psychologist, 55, 68-78.

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). When rewards compete with nature: The undermining of intrinsic motivation and self-regulation. In C. Sansone & J. M. Harackiewicz (Eds.), Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation: The search for optimal motivation and performance (pp. 13-54). New York: Academic Press.

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: Classic definitions and new directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25, 54-67. doi: 10.1006/ceps.1999.1020

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Ryan, R. M., & La Guardia, J. G. (2000). What is being optimized over development?: A self-determination theory perspective on basic psychological needs across the life span. In S. Qualls & N. Abeles (Eds.), Psychology and the aging revolution (pp. 145-172). Washington, DC: APA Books.

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The 'what' and 'why' of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11, 227-268.

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Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). What is the self in self-directed learning?. In G. A. Straka (Ed.), What is the self in self-directed learning? (pp. 75-92). Muenster, Germany: Waxmann.

Schmuck, P., Kasser, T., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The relationship of well-being to intrinsic and extrinsic goals in Germany and the U.S. Social Indicators Research, 50, 225-241. doi: 10.1023/A:1007084005278

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La Guardia, J. G., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). Buts personnels, besoins psychologiques fondamentaux, et bien-être: Théorie de l'autodétermination et applications [Personal goals, fundamental psychological needs, and well-being: Self-determination theory and its applications]. Revue Québécoise de Psychologie, 21, 283-306.

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Reis, H. T, Sheldon, K. M., Gable, S. L., Roscoe, J., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). Daily well-being: The role of autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 419-435.

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Nix, G. A., Ryan, R. M., Manly, J. B., & Deci, E. L. (1999). Revitalization through self-regulation: The effects of autonomous and controlled motivation on happiness and vitality. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 35(3), 266-284. doi: 10.1006/jesp.1999.1382

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Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (1999). Approaching and avoiding self-determination: comparing cybernetic and organismic paradigms of motivation. In C. Carver & M. Scheier (Eds.), Perspectives on behavioral self-regulation: Advances in social cognition (Vol XII, pp. 193-215). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.

Ryan, R. M., Chirkov, V. I., Little, T. D., Sheldon, K. M., Timoshina, E., & Deci, E. L. (1999). The American dream in Russia: Extrinsic aspirations and well-being in two cultures. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25(12), 1509-1524. doi: 10.1177/01461672992510007

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Ryan, R. M., & La Guardia, J. G. (1999). Achievement motivation within a pressured society: Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations to learn and the politics of school reform. In T. Urdan (Ed.), Advances in motivation and achievement (Vol 11, pp. 45-85). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.

Kasser, V. M., & Ryan, R. M. (1999). The relation of psychological needs for autonomy and relatedness to health, vitality, well-being and mortality in a nursing home. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 29, 935-954. doi: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.1999.tb00133.x

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Deci, E. L., Koestner, R., & Ryan, R. M. (1999). A meta-analytic review of experiments examining the effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 125, 627-668. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.125.6.627

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Deci, E. L., Koestner, R., & Ryan, R. M. (1999). The undermining effect is a reality after all: Extrinsic rewards, task interest, and self-determination. Psychological Bulletin, 125(6), 692-700. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.125.6.692

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Williams, G. C., Saizow, R. B., & Ryan, R. M. (1999). The importance of self-determination theory for medical education. Academic Medicine, 74(9), 992-995. doi: 10.1097/00001888-199909000-00010

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Williams, G. C., Rodin, G. C., Ryan, R. M., Grolnick, W. S., & Deci, E. L. (1998). Autonomous regulation and adherence to long-term medical regimens in adult outpatients. Health Psychology, 17, 269-276.

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Williams, G. C., Rodin, G. C., Ryan, R. M., Grolnick, W. S., & Deci, E. L. (1998). Autonomous regulation and long-term medication adherence in adult outpatients. Health Psychology, 17(3), 269-76. doi: 10.1037//0278-6133.17.3.269

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Ryan, R. M. (1998). Human psychological needs and the issues of volition, control and regulatory focus. In J. Heckhausen & C. Dweck (Eds.), Motivation and self-regulation across the life span (pp. 114-133). New York: Cambridge University Press.

Williams, G. C., Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1998). Building health-care partnerships by supporting autonomy: Promoting maintained behavior change and positive health outcomes. In A. L. Suchman, P. Hinton-Walker, & R. Botelho (Eds.), Partnerships in healthcare: Transforming relational process (pp. 67-87). Rochester, NY: University Of Rochester Press..

Ryan, R. M., Kuhl, J., & Deci, E. L. (1997). Nature and autonomy: An organizational view on the social and neurobiological aspects of self-regulation in behavior and development. Development and Psychopathology, 9, 701-728. doi: 10.1017/s0954579497001405

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Ryan, R. M., & Frederick, C. (1997). On energy, personality and health: Subjective vitality as a dynamic reflection of well-being. Journal of Personality, 65(3), 529-565. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1997.tb00326.x

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Sheldon, K. M., Ryan, R. M., Rawsthorne, L. J., & Ilardi, B. (1997). Trait self and true self: Cross-role variation in the Big Five personality traits and its relations with psychological authenticity and subjective well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 1380-1393.

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Grolnick, W. S., Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1997). Internalization within the family: The self-determination theory perspective. In J. E. Grusec & L. Kuczynski (Eds.), Parenting and children's internalization of values: A handbook of contemporary theory (pp. 135-161). New York: Wiley.

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Grolnick, W. S., Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1997). Internalization within the family: The self-determination theory perspective. In J. E. Grusec & L. Kuczynski, Parenting and children's internalization of values: A handbook of contemporary theory (pp. 135–161). : John Wiley & Sons Inc..

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Deci, E. L., Kasser, T., & Ryan, R. M. (1997). Self-determined teaching in colleges and universities: Possibilities and obstacles. In J. Bess (Ed), Teaching well and liking it: Motivating faculty to teach effectively (pp. 57-71). Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.

Solky Butzel, J., & Ryan, R. M. (1997). The dynamics of volitional reliance: A motivational perspective on dependence, independence, and social support. In G. R. Pierce, B. Lakey, I. G. Sarason, & B. R. Sarason (Eds.), Sourcebook of social support and personality (pp. 49-67). New York: Plenum.

Ryan, R. M., Frederick, C., Lepes, D., Rubio, N., & Sheldon, K. M. (1997). Intrinsic motivation and exercise adherence. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 28, 335-354.

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Ryan, R. M., Sheldon, K. M., Kasser, T., & Deci, E. L. (1996). All goals are not created equal: An organismic perspective on the nature of goals and their regulation. In P. M. Gollwitzer & J. A. Bargh (Eds.), The psychology of action: Linking cognition and motivation to behavior (pp. 7-26). New York: Guilford Press.

Williams, G. C., Grow, V. M., Freedman, Z. R., Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (1996). Motivational predictors of weight loss and weight-loss maintenance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(1), 115-126. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.70.1.115

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Sheldon, K. M., Ryan, R. M., & Reis, H. T. (1996). What makes for a good day? Competence and autonomy in the day and in the person. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 1270-1279.

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Kasser, T., & Ryan, R. M. (1996). Further examining the American dream: Differential correlates of intrinsic and extrinsic goals. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22(3), 280-287. doi: 10.1177/0146167296223006

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Deci, E. L., Ryan, R. M., & Williams, G. C. (1996). Need satisfaction and the self-regulation of learning. Learning and Individual Differences, 8, 165-183.

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Ryan, R. M., Deci, E. L., & Grolnick, W. S. (1995). Autonomy, relatedness, and the self: Their relation to development and psychopathology. In D. Cicchetti & D. J. Cohen (Eds.), Developmental psychopathology: Theory and methods (Vol 1, pp. 618-655). New York: Wiley.

Ryan, R. M., Plant, R. W., & O'Malley, S. (1995). Initial motivations for alcohol treatment: Relations with patient characteristics, treatment involvement and dropout. Addictive Behaviors, 20(3), 279-297. doi: 10.1016/0306-4603(94)00072-7

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Ryan, R. M. (1995). Psychological needs and the facilitation of integrative processes. Journal of Personality, 63(3), 397-427. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1995.tb00501.x

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Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1995). Human autonomy: The basis for true self-esteem. In M. Kernis (Ed.), Efficacy, agency, and self-esteem (pp. 31-49). New York: Plenum Publishing Co.

Frederick, C., & Ryan, R. M. (1995). Self-determination in sport: A review using cognitive evaluation theory. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 26, 5-23.

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Kasser, T., Ryan, R. M., Zax, M., & Sameroff, A. J. (1995). The relations of maternal and social environments to late adolescents' materialistic and prosocial values. Developmental Psychology, 31(6), 907-914. doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.31.6.907

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Ryan, R. M., & Kuczkowski, R. (1994). The imaginary audience, self-consciousness, and public individuation in adolescence. Journal of Personality, 62, 219-238.

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Ryan, R. M., Stiller, J., & Lynch, J. H. (1994). Representations of relationships to teachers, parents, and friends as predictors of academic motivation and self-esteem. Journal of Early Adolescence, 14, 226-249.

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Shields, A., Cicchetti, D., & Ryan, R. M. (1994). The development of emotional and behavioral self-regulation and social competence among maltreated school-age children. Development and Psychopathology, 6, 57-75.

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Ryan, R. M., Rigby, C. S., & King, K. (1993). Two types of religious internalization and their relations to religious orientation and mental health. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 586-596.

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Ryan, R. M. (1993). Agency and organization: Intrinsic motivation, autonomy and the self in psychological development. In J. Jacobs (Ed.), Nebraska symposium on motivation: Developmental perspectives on motivation (Vol 40, pp. 1-56). Lincoln, NE: University Of Nebraska Press.

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1993). Die Selbstbestimmungstheorie Der Motivation Und Ihre Bedeutung Für Die Pädagogik. Zeitschrift Für Pädagogik, 39, 223-238.

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Frederick, C., & Ryan, R. M. (1993). Differences in motivation for sport and exercise and their relations with participation and mental health. Journal of Sport Behavior, 16, 124-146.

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Kasser, T., & Ryan, R. M. (1993). A dark side of the American dream: Correlates of financial success as a central life aspiration. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65(2), 410-422. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.65.2.410

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Ilardi, B. C., Leone, D., Kasser, T., & Ryan, R. M. (1993). Employee and supervisor ratings of motivation: Main effects and discrepancies associated with job satisfaction and adjustment in a factory setting. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 23, 1789-1805.

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Kasser, T., Davey, J., & Ryan, R. M. (1992). Motivation, dependability, and employee-supervisor discrepancies in psychiatric vocational rehabilitation settings. Rehabilitation Psychology, 37(3), 175-187. doi: 10.1037//0090-5550.37.3.175

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Kasser, T., Davey, J., & Ryan, R. M. (1992). Motivation and employee-supervisor discrepancies in a psychiatric vocational rehabilitation settings. Rehabilitation Psychology, 37, 175-187.

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Grolnick, W. S., & Ryan, R. M. (1992). Parental resources and the developing child in school. In M. Procidano & C. Fisher (Eds.), Contemporary families: A handbook for school professionals (pp. 275-291). New York: Teachers College Press.

Rigby, C. S., Deci, E. L., Patrick, B. C, & Ryan, R. M. (1992). Beyond the intrinsic-extrinsic dichotomy: Self-determination in motivation and learning. Motivation and Emotion, 16, 165-185.

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Ryan, R. M., Koestner, R., & Deci, E. L. (1991). Ego-involved persistence: When free-choice behavior is not intrinsically motivated. Motivation and Emotion, 15, 185-205. doi: 10.1007/BF00995170

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Grolnick, W. S., Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (1991). The inner resources for school performance: Motivational mediators of children's perceptions of their parents. Journal of Educational Psychology, 83(4), 508-517. doi: 10.1037/0022-0663.83.4.508

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Ryan, R. M., Plant, R. W., & Kuczkowski, R. J. (1991). Relation of self-projection processes to performance, emotion, and memory in a controlled interaction setting. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 17, 427-434. doi: 10.1177/0146167291174011

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Ryan, R. M., & Powelson, C. L. (1991). Autonomy and relatedness as fundamental to motivation in education. Journal of Experimental Education, 60, 49-66.

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Ryan, R. M. (1991). The nature of the self in autonomy and relatedness. In J. Strauss &, G. R. Goethals (Eds.), Multidisciplinary perspectives on the self (pp. 208-238). New York: Springer-Verlag.

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1991). A motivational approach to self: Integration in personality. In R. Dienstbier (Ed.), Nebraska symposium on motivation: Perspectives on motivation, Vol. 38 (pp. 237-288). Lincoln, NE: University Of Nebraska Press.

Williams, G. C., Quill, T. E., Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1991). The facts concerning the recent carnival of smoking in Connecticut (and elsewhere). Annals of Internal Medicine, 115, 59-63.

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Deci, E. L., Vallerand, R. J., Pelletier, L. G., & Ryan, R. M. (1991). Motivation and education: The self-determination perspective. The Educational Psychologist, 26(3-4), 325-346. doi: 10.1207/s15326985ep2603&4_6

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Ryan, R. M., & Stiller, J. (1991). The social contexts of internalization: Parent and teacher influences on autonomy, motivation and learning. In P. R. Pintrich & M. L. Maehr (Eds.), Advances in motivation and achievement: Vol. 7, goals and self-regulatory processes (pp. 115-149). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.

Ryan, R. M., Connell, J. P., & Plant, R. W. (1990). Emotions in non-directed text learning. Learning and Individual Differences, 2(1), 1-17. doi: 10.1016/1041-6080(90)90014-8

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Grolnick, W. S., & Ryan, R. M. (1990). Self-perceptions, motivation, and adjustment in children with learning disabilities: A multiple group comparison study. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 23, 177-184. doi: 10.1177/002221949002300308

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Grolnick, W. S., & Ryan, R. M. (1990). Self-perceptions, motivation, and adjustment in children with learning disabilities: A multiple group comparison study. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 23, 177-184. doi: 10.1177/002221949002300308

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Ryan, R. M., & Connell, J. P. (1989). Perceived locus of causality and internalization: Examining reasons for acting in two domains. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 749-761. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.57.5.749

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Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (1989). Bridging the research traditions of task/ego involvement and intrinsic/extrinsic motivation: A commentary on Butler (1987). Journal of Educational Psychology, 81, 265-268.

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Ryan, R. M., & Lynch, J. (1989). Emotional autonomy versus detachment: Revisiting the vicissitudes of adolescence and young adulthood. Child Development, 60, 340-356.

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Ryan, R. M. (1989). Social ontology and its relevance for psychological theory. New Ideas in Psychology, 7, 115-124.

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Deci, E. L., Connell, J. P., & Ryan, R. M. (1989). Self-determination in a work organization. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74(4), 580-590. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.74.4.580

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Grolnick, W. S., & Ryan, R. M. (1989). Parent styles associated with children's self-regulation and competence in school. Journal of Educational Psychology, 81(2), 143-154. doi: 10.1037/0022-0663.81.2.143

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Kreipe, R. E., Strauss, J., Hodgman, C. H., & Ryan, R. M. (1989). Menstrual abnormalities and subclinical eating disorders. Psychosomatic Medicine, 51, 81-86.

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Avery, R. R., & Ryan, R. M. (1988). Object relations and ego development: Comparison and correlates in middle childhood. Journal of Personality, 56, 547-569.

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Strauss, J., & Ryan, R. M. (1988). Cognitive dysfunction in anorexia nervosa. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 7, 19-27.

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Connell, J. P., & Ryan, R. M. (1987). Motivation and development in the context of schools. International Society for The Study of Behavioral Development Newsletter, 12, 1-3.

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Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1987). The support of autonomy and the control of behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 1024-1037.

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Vallerand, R. J., Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1987). Intrinsic motivation in sport. In K. Pandolf (Ed,), Exercise and sport science reviews, Vol. 15 (pp. 389-425). New York: Macmillan.

Grolnick, W. S., & Ryan, R. M. (1987). Autonomy in children's learning: An experimental and individual difference investigation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 890-898.

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Strauss, J., & Ryan, R. M. (1987). Autonomy disturbances in subtypes of anorexia nervosa. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 96(3), 254-258. doi: 10.1037/0021-843X.96.3.254

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Ryan, R. M., & Grolnick, W. S. (1986). Origins and pawns in the classroom: Self-report and projective assessments of children's perceptions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 550-558.

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Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1986). The dynamics of self-determination in personality and development. In R. Schwarzer (Ed.), Self-related cognitions in anxiety and motivation (pp. 171-194). Hillside, NY: Erlbaum.

Ryan, R. M., & Avery, R. R. (1985). A Rorschach assessment of children's mutuality of autonomy. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 6-12.

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Ryan, R. M., Connell, J. P., & Deci, E. L. (1985). A motivational analysis of self-determination and self-regulation in education. In C. Ames & R. E. Ames (Eds.), Research on motivation in education: The classroom in milieu (pp. 13-51). New York: Academic Press.

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (1985). The third selective paradigm and the role of human motivation in cultural and biological selection: A response to Csikszentmihalyi and Massimini. New Ideas in Psychology, 3, 259-264.

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Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). The general causality orientations scale: Self-determination in personality. Journal of Research in Personality, 19(2), 109-134. doi: 10.1016/0092-6566(85)90023-6

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Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York: Plenum Publishing Co.

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Plant, R. W., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and the effects of self-consciousness, self-awareness, and ego-involvement: An investigation of internally-controlling styles. Journal of Personality, 53(3), 435-449. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1985.tb00375.x

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Koestner, R., Ryan, R. M., Bernieri, F., & Holt, K (1984). . In , Setting limits on children's behavior: The differential effects of controlling versus informational styles on children's intrinsic motivation and creativity (Vol 54, pp. 233-248). : .

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Connell, J. P., & Ryan, R. M. (1984). A developmental theory of motivation in the classroom. Teacher Education Quarterly, 11, 64-77.

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Ryan, R. M., Mims, V., & Koestner, R. (1983). Relation of reward contingency and interpersonal context to intrinsic motivation: A review and test using Cognitive Evaluation Theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45(4), 736-750. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.45.4.736

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Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1983). The basis of self-determination: Intrinsic motivation and integrated internalizations. Academic Psychology Bulletin, 5, 21-29.

Deci, E. L., Speigel, N. H., Ryan, R. M., Koestner, R., & Kauffman, M. (1982). The effects of performance standards on teaching styles: The behavior of controlling teachers. Journal of Educational Psychology, 74, 852-859.

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Ryan, R. M. (1982). Control and information in the intrapersonal sphere: An extension of Cognitive Evaluation Theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43(3), 450-461. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.43.3.450

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Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1982). Intrinsic motivation to teach: Possibilities and obstacles in our colleges and universities. In J. Bess (Ed.), New directions in teaching and learning (pp. 27-36). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Deci, E. L., Schwartz, A. J., Sheinman, L., & Ryan, R. M. (1981). An instrument to assess adults' orientations toward control versus autonomy with children: Reflections on intrinsic motivation and perceived competence. Journal of Educational Psychology, 73(5), 642-650. doi: 10.1037/0022-0663.73.5.642

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Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1980). The empirical exploration of intrinsic motivational processes. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol 13, pp. 39-80). New York: Academic Press. doi: 10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60130-6

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