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Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS)

A dispositional measure of mindfulness, termed the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), was developed by Kirk Warren Brown and Richard Ryan (2003).

This 15-item scale measures the frequency of mindful states in day-to-day life, using both general and situation- specific statements. Based on a mean of all items, MAAS scores can range from 1 to 6. Higher scores indicate greater mindfulness.


Questionnaires

Main Questionnaire


Domain Specific Questionnaire(s)

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    Mindfulness Attention Awareness (MAAS-A) - Adolescence

    The MAAS-A is a 14-item scale designed to assess a core characteristic of mindfulness, namely, a receptive state of mind in which attention, informed by a sensitive awareness of what is occurring in the present, simply observes what is taking place. This is in contrast to the conceptually driven mode of processing, in which events and experiences are filtered through cognitive appraisals, evaluations, memories, beliefs, and other forms of cognitive manipulation. The MAAS-A has shown excellent psychometric properties in initial research studies (Brown, West, Loverich, & Biegel, 2011). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses with community sampled adolescents aged 14-18 years have confirmed a single factor scale structure (cf., Brown & Ryan, 2003; Carlson & Brown, 2005). Internal consistency levels (Cronbach’s alphas) have been above .80 in both healthy and psychiatric samples. The MAAS has demonstrated high internal consistency, test–retest reliability, and both concurrent and incremental validity. The initial Brown et al. (2011) studies showed that the MAAS-A is related to a variety of emotion regulation, behavior regulation, mental health, and well-being phenomena. The measure takes 5 minutes or less to complete.




Creator/Reference

Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003)

(2003) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being

Brown, K. W. Ryan, R. M.



Validation Articles

Mindfulness Attention Awareness (MAAS-A) - Adolescence

(2011) Psychological Assessment

Assessing adolescent mindfulness: Validation of an adapted Mindful Attention Awareness Scale in adolescent normative and psychiatric populations

Brown, K. W. West, A. M. Loverich, T. M. Biegel, G. M.


(2005) Journal of Psychosomatic Research

Validation of the mindful attention awareness scale in a cancer population

Carlson, L. E.


(2014) Mindfulness

A validation study of the Mindful Attention Awareness scale adapted for children

Lawlor, M. S. Schonert-Reichl, K. A. Gadermann, A. M. Zumbo, B. D.


(2011) Psychological Assessment

Assessing adolescent mindfulness: Validation of an adapted Mindful Attention Awareness Scale in adolescent normative and psychiatric populations

Brown, K. W. West, A. M. Loverich, T. M. Biegel, G. M.


(2012) Mindfulness

The Turkish version of Mindful Attention Awareness Scale: Preliminary findings

Catak, P. D.